Hypoglycaemic agents, also known as antidiabetic drugs, are medications used to treat diabetes mellitus. They aim to achieve normal blood glucose levels and prevent or manage the complications of diabetes.

1. **Insulin**: This is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. People with type 1 diabetes, and sometimes those with type 2, need to take insulin because their bodies do not produce enough. It is usually injected subcutaneously.

2. **Sulfonylureas**: These stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas to release more insulin. Examples include glipizide, glyburide, and glimepiride.

3. **Biguanides**: The most common is metformin. It works by decreasing glucose production by the liver and increasing the insulin sensitivity of body tissues.

4. **Thiazolidinediones**: These make the body's cells more sensitive to insulin. Examples include rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.

5. **DPP-4 inhibitors**: These help reduce blood sugar levels but do not tend to cause weight gain. Examples include sitagliptin and linagliptin.

6. **SGLT2 inhibitors**: These prevent the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose into the blood. Instead, the glucose is excreted in the urine. Examples include canagliflozin and dapagliflozin.

7. **Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors**: These block the enzymes that digest starches in the small intestine. This slows down the rise in blood sugar after meals. Examples include acarbose and migl

Question

Hypoglycaemic agents, also known as antidiabetic drugs, are medications used to treat diabetes mellitus. They aim to achieve normal blood glucose levels and prevent or manage the complications of diabetes.

1. **Insulin**: This is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. People with type 1 diabetes, and sometimes those with type 2, need to take insulin because their bodies do not produce enough. It is usually injected subcutaneously.

2. **Sulfonylureas**: These stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas to release more insulin. Examples include glipizide, glyburide, and glimepiride.

3. **Biguanides**: The most common is metformin. It works by decreasing glucose production by the liver and increasing the insulin sensitivity of body tissues.

4. **Thiazolidinediones**: These make the body's cells more sensitive to insulin. Examples include rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.

5. **DPP-4 inhibitors**: These help reduce blood sugar levels but do not tend to cause weight gain. Examples include sitagliptin and linagliptin.

6. **SGLT2 inhibitors**: These prevent the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose into the blood. Instead, the glucose is excreted in the urine. Examples include canagliflozin and dapagliflozin.

7. **Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors**: These block the enzymes that digest starches in the small intestine. This slows down the rise in blood sugar after meals. Examples include acarbose and migl

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