In a lab environment, you are investigating the impulse of a force exerted on a brick when the brick's speed is reduced from 2.5 m/s to a complete stop. First, you allow the brick to slam into a secured piece of wood, bringing the brick to a sudden stop. Second, you allow the brick to plow into a large slab of gelatin so that the brick comes to a gradual halt. In which situation is there a greater maximum force on the brick?Group of answer choicesThere is a greater force on the brick from the gelatin.There is a greater force on the brick from the wall.The force is the same in both situations.
Question
In a lab environment, you are investigating the impulse of a force exerted on a brick when the brick's speed is reduced from 2.5 m/s to a complete stop. First, you allow the brick to slam into a secured piece of wood, bringing the brick to a sudden stop. Second, you allow the brick to plow into a large slab of gelatin so that the brick comes to a gradual halt. In which situation is there a greater maximum force on the brick?Group of answer choicesThere is a greater force on the brick from the gelatin.There is a greater force on the brick from the wall.The force is the same in both situations.
Solution
There is a greater force on the brick from the wall.
This is because impulse is the change in momentum of an object when a force is applied over a period of time. The formula for impulse is J = FΔt = Δp, where J is impulse, F is force, Δt is the change in time, and Δp is the change in momentum.
In both scenarios, the brick experiences the same change in momentum (from 2.5 m/s to 0 m/s). However, the time it takes for this change to occur is less when the brick hits the wall than when it hits the gelatin. Because the change in time is less, the force exerted on the brick by the wall must be greater to achieve the same change in momentum.
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