Neanderthals and humans have had a long and intertwined history. Studies of ancient DNA have shown that human and Neanderthal lineages split apart 700,000 years ago. However, fragments of Neanderthal DNA can still be found in living humans. John Capra, a geneticist at University of California San Francisco, has been researching the remaining fragments of Neanderthal genes as they relate to sleep. Capra found evidence that the age old question of whether someone is an early riser or a night owl can be answered by studying Neanderthal fragments in DNA: people who were early risers had more Neanderthal fragments in their DNA than people who preferred staying up late.Which choice best describes the function of the fourth sentence in the overall structure of the text?It makes a generalization about the presence of Neanderthal fragments in modern human DNA.eliminateIt introduces a certain study related to the general information cited earlier about the connection between human and Neanderthal DNA.eliminateIt offers a specific example of the link between sleep and fragments of Neanderthal DNA found in modern humans.eliminate It states the hypothesis investigated by geneticist John Capra and his team at the University of California San Fransisco.

Modern groups that are likely to have DNA from Neanderthals

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:Denisovans were a close relative of both humans and Neanderthals, another early hominin that lived between 200,000 and 50,000 years ago. In a 2019 study, Katerina Douka and Thomas Higham analyzed human artifacts found in the same cave as Denisovan and Neanderthal remains. They were initially unsure if ancient humans, Denisovans, and Neanderthals all shared the cave or simply used it independently at different times. Using a combination of radiocarbon and DNA dating, they determined that the three groups likely overlapped within the cave at various times.The student wants to present the study and its findings. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?In 2019, Douka and Higham studied human artifacts found in the same cave as Denisovan fossils.eliminateA 2019 study examined the remains of many different kinds of early humans to learn about the kinds of places they lived.eliminateIn 2019,  Douka and Higham used radiocarbon and DNA dating to study materials found in a cave.eliminateIn a 2019 study, Douka and Higham determined that Denisovans, Neanderthals, and early humans all inhabited the same site at overlapping times.

Recent research has discovered that the Neanderthal DNA makes up as much as 1-4% of the genome of present- day humans. However, scientists only had ------- hypothesis about how much those genes inform human traits until a new study out of the UK looking at gene expression in people with European descent who have the most likelihood of Neanderthal lineage.  The findings indicate that Neanderthal DNA may be responsible for several traits including some that dictate nuances of how an individual’s immune system operates or how someone’s body burns calories. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?indeterminate  eliminateconfounding eliminatemeticulous  eliminateconventional eliminate

DNA evidence suggests that Homo neanderthalensis and modern humans both evolved from __________, with H. neanderthalensis evolving in Europe and modern humans evolving in Africa.Group of answer choicesHomo erectusHomo habilisHomo heidelbergensisDenisovans

What do scientists know about Neanderthal behavior? (use examples of specific evidence in your answer)