A small sphere is swung in a vertical circle. Which of the following combinations represents the direction of the velocity and acceleration at the bottom of the circle?
Question
A small sphere is swung in a vertical circle. Which of the following combinations represents the direction of the velocity and acceleration at the bottom of the circle?
Solution
The direction of the velocity and acceleration at the bottom of the circle for a small sphere being swung in a vertical circle would be as follows:
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Velocity: The direction of the velocity is always tangent to the path of the object. So, at the bottom of the circle, the velocity is directed horizontally and to the right (assuming the sphere is moving in a counterclockwise direction).
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Acceleration: There are two components of acceleration - tangential acceleration and centripetal (or radial) acceleration. The tangential acceleration is along the path of the object (same as velocity) and is zero if the speed is constant. The centripetal acceleration is always directed towards the center of the circle. So, at the bottom of the circle, the acceleration is directed upwards.
So, the combination representing the direction of the velocity and acceleration at the bottom of the circle is: Velocity is horizontal and to the right, Acceleration is upwards.
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