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You have an undirected, connected graph of n nodes labeled from 0 to n - 1. You are given an array graph where graph[i] is a list of all the nodes connected with node i by an edge.Return the length of the shortest path that visits every node. You may start and stop at any node, you may revisit nodes multiple times, and you may reuse edges. Example 1:Input: graph = [[1,2,3],[0],[0],[0]]Output: 4Explanation: One possible path is [1,0,2,0,3]Example 2:Input: graph = [[1],[0,2,4],[1,3,4],[2],[1,2]]Output: 4Explanation: One possible path is [0,1,4,2,3] Constraints:n == graph.length1 <= n <= 120 <= graph[i].length < ngraph[i] does not contain i.If graph[a] contains b, then graph[b] contains a.The input graph is always connected.

Question

You have an undirected, connected graph of n nodes labeled from 0 to n - 1. You are given an array graph where graph[i] is a list of all the nodes connected with node i by an edge.Return the length of the shortest path that visits every node. You may start and stop at any node, you may revisit nodes multiple times, and you may reuse edges. Example 1:Input: graph = [[1,2,3],[0],[0],[0]]Output: 4Explanation: One possible path is [1,0,2,0,3]Example 2:Input: graph = [[1],[0,2,4],[1,3,4],[2],[1,2]]Output: 4Explanation: One possible path is [0,1,4,2,3] Constraints:n == graph.length1 <= n <= 120 <= graph[i].length < ngraph[i] does not contain i.If graph[a] contains b, then graph[b] contains a.The input graph is always connected.

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Solution

This problem can be solved using the concept of Hamiltonian path and dynamic programming. A Hamiltonian path is a path in an undirected or directed graph that visits each vertex exactly once. Here are the steps to solve this problem:

  1. First, we need to convert the graph into a complete graph. A complete graph is a simple undirected graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a unique edge. We can use the Floyd-Warshall algorithm to find the shortest path between all pairs of vertices. The Floyd-Warshall algorithm is a graph analysis algorithm for finding shortest paths in a weighted graph with positive or negative edge weights (but with no negative cycles).

  2. After we have the complete graph, we can use dynamic programming to find the shortest Hamiltonian path. We define dp[mask][i] as the shortest path visiting all nodes in mask ending at node i. The state transition is dp[mask | (1<<j)][j] = min(dp[mask | (1<<j)][j], dp[mask][i] + dis[i][j]) where dis[i][j] is the shortest distance from node i to node j.

  3. The answer to the problem is the minimum value in dp[(1<<n)-1][i] where 0 <= i < n.

This solution has a time complexity of O(n^2 * 2^n) and a space complexity of O(n * 2^n) which is feasible since n <= 12.

This problem has been solved

Similar Questions

Have the function ShortestPath(strArr) take strArr which will be an array of strings which models a non-looping Graph. The structure of the array will be as follows: The first element in the array will be the number of nodes N (points) in the array as a string. The next N elements will be the nodes which can be anything (A, B, C .. Brick Street, Main Street .. etc.). Then after the Nth element, the rest of the elements in the array will be the connections between all of the nodes. They will look like this: (A-B, B-C .. Brick Street-Main Street .. etc.). Although, there may exist no connections at all.An example of strArr may be: ["4","A","B","C","D","A-B","B-D","B-C","C-D"]. Your program should return the shortest path from the first Node to the last Node in the array separated by dashes. So in the example above the output should be A-B-D. Here is another example with strArr being ["7","A","B","C","D","E","F","G","A-B","A-E","B-C","C-D","D-F","E-D","F-G"]. The output for this array should be A-E-D-F-G. There will only ever be one shortest path for the array. If no path between the first and last node exists, return -1. The array will at minimum have two nodes. Also, the connection A-B for example, means that A can get to B and B can get to A.

You are roaming in a forest. This forest can be viewed as a graph with n nodes and m undirected edges. You roam the forest by traveling through the undirected edges from one node to another. You want to travel all the nodes at least once and stop when you have visited every node. Given that this is a connected graph, find the smallest lexicographical sequence of nodes that can be visited and return it in an array.The m undirected edges are given in the form of two arrays a and b, wherein there is an undirected edge between a[i] and b[i].Input FormatThe first line contains n, the number of nodes in the forest.The second line contains m, the number of edges in the forest.The next m lines contain the elements of the array a.The next line contains m, the number of edges in the forest.The next m lines contain the elements of the array b.Constraints2 <= n <= 1051 <= m <= 105The graph is a single connected component.If i!=j then (a[i], b[i]) != (a[j], b[j])Output FormatReturn an array denoting the lexicographically smallest sequence in which the nodes can be visited.

There is an undirected graph of n nodes. You are given a 2D array edges, where edges[i] = [ui, vi, lengthi] describes an edge between node ui and node vi with a traversal time of lengthi units.Additionally, you are given an array disappear, where disappear[i] denotes the time when the node i disappears from the graph and you won't be able to visit it.Notice that the graph might be disconnected and might contain multiple edges.Return the array answer, with answer[i] denoting the minimum units of time required to reach node i from node 0. If node i is unreachable from node 0 then answer[i] is -1. Example 1:Input: n = 3, edges = [[0,1,2],[1,2,1],[0,2,4]], disappear = [1,1,5]Output: [0,-1,4]Explanation:We are starting our journey from node 0, and our goal is to find the minimum time required to reach each node before it disappears.For node 0, we don't need any time as it is our starting point.For node 1, we need at least 2 units of time to traverse edges[0]. Unfortunately, it disappears at that moment, so we won't be able to visit it.For node 2, we need at least 4 units of time to traverse edges[2].

Alice and Bob have an undirected graph of n nodes and three types of edges:Type 1: Can be traversed by Alice only.Type 2: Can be traversed by Bob only.Type 3: Can be traversed by both Alice and Bob.Given an array edges where edges[i] = [typei, ui, vi] represents a bidirectional edge of type typei between nodes ui and vi, find the maximum number of edges you can remove so that after removing the edges, the graph can still be fully traversed by both Alice and Bob. The graph is fully traversed by Alice and Bob if starting from any node, they can reach all other nodes.Return the maximum number of edges you can remove, or return -1 if Alice and Bob cannot fully traverse the graph. Example 1:Input: n = 4, edges = [[3,1,2],[3,2,3],[1,1,3],[1,2,4],[1,1,2],[2,3,4]]Output: 2Explanation: If we remove the 2 edges [1,1,2] and [1,1,3]. The graph will still be fully traversable by Alice and Bob. Removing any additional edge will not make it so. So the maximum number of edges we can remove is 2.Example 2:Input: n = 4, edges = [[3,1,2],[3,2,3],[1,1,4],[2,1,4]]Output: 0Explanation: Notice that removing any edge will not make the graph fully traversable by Alice and Bob.Example 3:Input: n = 4, edges = [[3,2,3],[1,1,2],[2,3,4]]Output: -1Explanation: In the current graph, Alice cannot reach node 4 from the other nodes. Likewise, Bob cannot reach 1. Therefore it's impossible to make the graph fully traversable.  Constraints:1 <= n <= 1051 <= edges.length <= min(105, 3 * n * (n - 1) / 2)edges[i].length == 31 <= typei <= 31 <= ui < vi <= nAll tuples (typei, ui, vi) are distinct.

give only python code for Floyd Warshall Algorithm Given a graph in adjacency matrix from. Find shortest distances between every pair of vertices in a given edge weighted directed Graph. If there is no path from a source to a destination, print -1 at that place. Input Format: First line - n, the number of nodes Then there are n lines each containing n integers, weight from source(i.e. row number) to destination(i.e. column number). Output Format: Print shortest distances between every pair of vertices. If there is no path from a source to a destination, print -1 at that place. Sample Input: 4 0 5 INF 10 INF 0 3 INF INF INF 0 1 INF INF INF 0 Sample Output: 0 5 8 9 INF 0 3 4 INF INF 0 1 INF INF INF 0

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