Which of the following is true for an irreversible spontaneous process performed atconstant temperature and volume?a. The system Gibbs free energy necessarily drops in the process.b. The system Helmholtz free energy necessarily drops in the process.c. The system entropy necessarily grows in the process.d. The total entropy necessarily grows in the process
Question
Which of the following is true for an irreversible spontaneous process performed atconstant temperature and volume?a. The system Gibbs free energy necessarily drops in the process.b. The system Helmholtz free energy necessarily drops in the process.c. The system entropy necessarily grows in the process.d. The total entropy necessarily grows in the process
Solution
The correct answer is:
d. The total entropy necessarily grows in the process.
Here's why:
a. The Gibbs free energy (G) does not necessarily drop in the process. While it's true that for a spontaneous process at constant temperature and pressure, the Gibbs free energy will decrease, the question specifies constant volume, not pressure.
b. The Helmholtz free energy (A) does not necessarily drop in the process. The Helmholtz free energy decreases for a spontaneous process at constant temperature and volume only if the process is reversible. The question specifies an irreversible process.
c. The system entropy (S) does not necessarily grow in the process. While it's true that entropy tends to increase in a closed system, the question does not specify that the system is closed. In an open system, entropy can decrease.
d. The total entropy necessarily grows in the process. This is a statement of the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the total entropy of an isolated system can only increase over time. This is true regardless of whether the process is reversible or irreversible, and regardless of the conditions of temperature and volume.
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