Q4.Answer the following1. A transverse wave travels along the x-axis. The particles of the medium must move in Whichdirection?2. Sound waves from a point source are propagating in all directions. What will be the ratio ofamplitudes at distances of x meter and y meter from the Source?3. What is a harmonic Wave function?4. Which properties of the medium are responsible for propagation of Waves through it?5. What is the nature of the thermal change in air, when a sound wave propagates through it?6. Why does sound travel faster in iron than in Water or air?7. Under what conditions does a sudden phase reversal of Waves on reflection take place?8. The speed of sound does not depend upon its frequency. Give an example in support of thisstatement.

In a transverse wave, the particles of the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. So, if the wave is traveling along the x-axis, the particles will move along the y and/or z axis.

The amplitude of sound waves decreases with distance from the source. This is due to the spreading of energy over a larger area. The ratio of amplitudes at distances x and y (x<y) from the source is given by y/x.

A harmonic wave function describes the position of particles in a wave as a function of time and space. It is typically of the form y = A sin(kx - wt + φ), where A is the amplitude, k is the wave number, w is the angular frequency, and φ is the phase.

The properties of the medium that are responsible for the propagation of waves through it include its elasticity and inertia. Elasticity allows the medium to return to its original shape after being disturbed, while inertia allows the disturbance to travel through the medium.

When a sound wave propagates through air, there is a periodic variation in pressure and temperature. However, the average temperature of the air does not change, as the compressions (increases in pressure and temperature) are balanced by rarefactions (decreases in pressure and temperature).

Sound travels faster in iron than in water or air because iron is denser and more elastic. The speed of sound in a medium is given by the square root of the ratio of the medium's elasticity to its density.

A sudden phase reversal of waves on reflection occurs when the wave is reflected from a boundary with a medium of higher density.

The speed of sound does not depend on its frequency. For example, in air at a given temperature and pressure, all sound waves, regardless of their frequency, travel at the same speed (about 343 m/s). This is why we hear all the components of a musical chord at the same time, even though they have different frequencies.