*Question 1 (12 minutes) Ashraf Ghani completed a diploma in Cooking and Baking at William Anguish College. Immediately after graduating he set up his own bakery in Dandenong that he called “Kabul Breads”. A few months later, as things were going well, Ashraf decided to expand his business. Around that time, he met an old Afghani friend, Shah Masood, who was an accountant and a financial adviser. They discussed Ashraf’s expansion plans, and Shah quickly offered to review his financial situation and to prepare a business plan. As Ashraf was financially ignorant and needed expert guidance, he accepted Shah’s offer and gave his financial records. Shah prepared a financial report and advised Ashraf that he was in a sound financial position, and that he could expand his business. He recommended that Ashraf borrow money in order to set up a new bakery on fashionable Lygon Street, in Carlton (a suburb of Melbourne). Ashraf trusted his friend and decided to act on the advice. He borrowed $500,000 from “For You Only”, a small credit union located in Springvale that provides loan and overdraft facilities. “For You Only” used the financial report prepared by Shah to offer a loan to Ashraf. Ashraf signed a five-year lease. Soon after opening his new shop, Ashraf realised that people who visit the Lygon Street area generally only buy traditional Italian food and bread – there was no market for Afghani bread. Ashraf came under financial stress, and blamed Shah for his situation. Shah admitted that he had not adequately factored in Ashraf’s pre-existing debts, and had underestimated the significant costs associated with setting up the new business. Shah advised Ashraf to terminate the lease and inform “For You Only” that he would be unable to repay the loan. “For You Only” is faced with significant losses. (a) Advise Ashraf about his prospects of success in an action against Shah in the tort of negligence. Refer to relevant cases and statutes. (14 marks) (Approximately 28 minutes of writing time) In Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd: The plaintiff might have succeeded in negligence, had there not been a disclaimer.

Ashraf Ghani completed a diploma in Cooking and Baking at William Anguish College. Immediately after graduating he set up his own bakery in Dandenong that he called “Kabul Breads”. A few months later, as things were going well, Ashraf decided to expand his business. Around that time, he met an old Afghani friend, Shah Masood, who was an accountant and a financial adviser. They discussed Ashraf’s expansion plans, and Shah quickly offered to review his financial situation and to prepare a business plan. As Ashraf was financially ignorant and needed expert guidance, he accepted Shah’s offer and gave his financial records. Shah prepared a financial report and advised Ashraf that he was in a sound financial position, and that he could expand his business. He recommended that Ashraf borrow money in order to set up a new bakery on fashionable Lygon Street, in Carlton (a suburb of Melbourne). Ashraf trusted his friend and decided to act on the advice. He borrowed $500,000 from “For You Only”, a small credit union located in Springvale that provides loan and overdraft facilities. “For You Only” used the financial report prepared by Shah to offer a loan to Ashraf. Ashraf signed a five-year lease. Soon after opening his new shop, Ashraf realised that people who visit the Lygon Street area generally only buy traditional Italian food and bread – there was no market for Afghani bread. Ashraf came under financial stress, and blamed Shah for his situation. Shah admitted that he had not adequately factored in Ashraf’s pre-existing debts, and had underestimated the significant costs associated with setting up the new business. Shah advised Ashraf to terminate the lease and inform “For You Only” that he would be unable to repay the loan. “For You Only” is faced with significant losses. (b) Does Shah owe “For You Only” a duty of care? Refer to relevant cases.

Alin sa mga sumusunod na pangyayari ang totoo?*1 pointA. Hindi mapaghiwalay sina Rizal at Josephine. Maging si P. Ventura na kura ng simbahan ng Dapitan ay walang magawa kahit tinanggihan na niya ang hiling ni Rizal na maikasal sila ng pari sa simbahan.B. Naghiwalay na lamang sina Rizal at Bracken.C. Ang pagsasama nina Rizal at Josephine ay nagbunga ng anak na lalaki subalit napaanak nang wala sa oras si Josephine noong Marso ng 1895.D. Isinilang ang pitong buwang sanggol na malakas at masigla.

Who contributed half of his household goods at time of a Ghazwa-i-Tabuk (غزوہ تبوک)?

13. Isang pangunahing suliraning kinakaharap ng sektor ng agrikultura ay ang pagkabulok o madaling pagkasira ng kanilang mga ani o produktong agrikultural. Bakit nangyayari ito?*1 pointHindi marunong mag-imbak ang mga magsasaka.Kawalan ng maayos na daan patungo sa pamilihanKawalan ng mga mamimili sa pamilihanLikas sa mga Pilipino ang pagiging tamad.

Amir Works Toward His Business Dream John wanted to start his own business when he graduated from college, but he wasn't sure what to do. He k n he w a n to b an e n t r e p , but h wasn't sure w h kind o business h wanted t have. He didn't h a anyone t talk t about t h , so h read e v e r y he c o about b u s i administration. One book in particular helped him make the decision he had been so long in coming to.