Functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data. Here are some common functional programming methods that do not necessarily require the use of lambdas:

1. Map: This method applies a function to each item in an input list and returns a list with the results. It does not change the original list.

2. Filter: This method creates a new list from an existing one, including only those items for which a provided function returns true.

3. Reduce: This method applies a function to the first two items in a list, then to the result and the next item, and so on, reducing the list to a single output value.

4. Compose: This method takes two or more functions as arguments and returns a function that applies these functions one after the other to its argument.

5. Pipe: This method is similar to compose, but applies the functions in the order they are provided, rather than in reverse order.

6. Curry: This method transforms a function with multiple arguments into a sequence of functions each with a single argument.

7. Recursion: This is a method where a function calls itself in its definition. It's often used in functional programming to iterate over data structures.

8. Pure Functions: These are functions that given the same input, will always return the same output, and have no side-effects.

Remember, while lambdas (anonymous functions) are often used in functional programming, they are not a requirement. All of these methods can be implemented with named functions as well.

Question

Functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data. Here are some common functional programming methods that do not necessarily require the use of lambdas:

1. Map: This method applies a function to each item in an input list and returns a list with the results. It does not change the original list.

2. Filter: This method creates a new list from an existing one, including only those items for which a provided function returns true.

3. Reduce: This method applies a function to the first two items in a list, then to the result and the next item, and so on, reducing the list to a single output value.

4. Compose: This method takes two or more functions as arguments and returns a function that applies these functions one after the other to its argument.

5. Pipe: This method is similar to compose, but applies the functions in the order they are provided, rather than in reverse order.

6. Curry: This method transforms a function with multiple arguments into a sequence of functions each with a single argument.

7. Recursion: This is a method where a function calls itself in its definition. It's often used in functional programming to iterate over data structures.

8. Pure Functions: These are functions that given the same input, will always return the same output, and have no side-effects.

Remember, while lambdas (anonymous functions) are often used in functional programming, they are not a requirement. All of these methods can be implemented with named functions as well.

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