Directions for questions 5 to 7: Each of the following questions has a paragraph from which a sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the para in the most appropriate way. As one grim atrocity follows another in unexpected locations across Europe – Nice, Munich and a church in a small town in Normandy – everyone seems to have an opinion. Around family dinner tables, in bars and cafes, on social networks, everyone has a view about what is happening and who is to blame. For some, it’s Islam or refugees – for others we should exonerate both at all costs. The problem is that it isn’t opinions we need now, but intelligence and understanding. ____________Terrorism is political violence against a civilian population and its infrastructure, committed by a non-state actor with a political objective.The traumatised public is entitled to ask, after such unpredictable attacks as those we have seen in Germany and France, why such attacks happen at all.  Nihilism or mental health problems lie behind many of the terrorist acts committed.  Doctrinaire thinking only serves to divide public opinion, favour populism and eventually weaken society.

Directions for questions 4 and 5: Each of the following questions have a paragraph from which a sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the para in the most appropriate way.Freedom and rights are so fundamental that they become dangerous words to use. _____ People defend controversial practices as tobacco manufacture and sale, hunting animals etc., on the grounds that we are free people who have the right to enjoy whatever pleasures we choose. Whatever the merits of these arguments, we should be careful of taking them at face value.Western democracy is arguably built upon the twin pillars of individual freedom and unassailable rights.If someone wants to legitimize what they are doing, even if it is harmful, they will almost certainly try to describe their actions in terms of freedom and rights.Every person is entitled to the right to personal freedom and privacy.The language of rights and freedom is used to disguise all kinds of injustices and wrongdoings.

Directions for questions 4 and 5: Each of the following questions have a paragraph from which a sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the para in the most appropriate way._____ Ice – in the form of sea ice, glaciers, ice caps and snow ice, – reflects some of the sun’s heat, cooling the planet. In contrast, the dark surfaces of the open sea and snow-free ground absorb heat. As ice disappears, the earth retains more of the sun’s heat and as the earth warms up more ice melts, through this feed-back process, declining ice strengthens global warming.Ice holds large fresh water supplies and is a vital part of the ecosystem.Melting ice is the cause of prime concern today.The impacts of melting ice will reach far beyond the Arctic, affecting global climate and biodiversity.Ice plays a critical role in shaping our planet’s environment.

Direction for questions 6 to 9: In the following questions, there are five sentences or parts of sentences that form a paragraph. Identify the sentence(s) or part(s) of sentence(s) that is/are correct in terms of grammar and usage. Then, choose the most appropriate option.Politicians, who tend to be well-meaningbut bossy types, find it hard to resist intrudingat the private lives of their fellow-citizens, especiallywhen some of those private lives are conducted in a way that trouble respectable society.They meddle for their peril, however.

Directions for questions 1 to 5: In each question, there are five sentences or parts of sentences that form a paragraph. Identify the sentence(s) or part(s) of sentence(s) that is/are correct in terms of grammar and usage. Then, choose the most appropriate option.a.  The shocking denial of access to basic facilities at the village level institutionalizes inequality of opportunity and has prevented the poor from rising.b.  Urban facilities provide some social mobility.c.  But rural facilities are so typically pathetic as to become poverty traps.d.  For this, our politicians are squarely to blame for these heroes are the zeroes who ensured continuing inequality of opportunity, poverty and powerlessness.e.  Their solution is to compete in offering caste-based reservations, not providing the equality of opportunity that might make caste irrelevant.a and ca, b and ec and db and c

Directions for questions 7 and 8: The following question has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.One of the most crucial elements in China’s rapid economic growth from the 1980s onwards was not just Deng Xiaoping’s reforms but Mao Tse-tung’s campaign two decades earlier to achieve universal literacy. It is education that has underpinned China’s transformation from an agricultural to an urbanised society. Deng gets the credit for economic reforms in the 1980s and Mao the brickbats for his brutal methods in the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s. ______If literacy remains abysmal social and economic growth will remain a distant dream.Hence, China should realize the importance of universal literacy in transforming itself into a multi-trillion dollar economy in future.But it was Mao’s campaign for universal literacy that enabled Deng’s economic reforms to bear fruit.But, Mao made no attempt to establish a high-growth economy.