Observe the progression from one of the original analogue images to its final drawing. Describe what changed during each step.

loading...loading...loading...Figure 2 shows the student’s drawing of Figure 1. Figure 2 (d) Give two ways the student could improve the drawing in Figure 2. 1 _________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2 _________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ (2) (e) Onion cells can be seen using an electron microscope. Give two ways onion cells would look different when seen using an electron microscope. 1 _________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2 _________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ (2) (Total 14 marks) Page 9 of 16Figure 1 shows photographs of some animal cells at different stages during the cell cycle. Figure 1A © Ed Reschke/Photolibrary/Getty Images B © Ed Reschke/Oxford Scientific/Getty Images C © Ed Reschke/Photolibrary/Getty Images (a) Which photograph in Figure 1 shows a cell that is not going through mitosis? Tick one box.ABC (1) 5. Page 10 of 16(b) Describe what is happening in photograph A. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ (2) (c) A student wanted to find out more about the cell cycle. The student made a slide of an onion root tip. She counted the number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle in one field of view. The table below shows the results.Stages in the cell cycleNon-dividing cells Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 TotalNumber of cells209 4 2 1 36 Each stage of the cell cycle takes a different amount of time. Which stage is the fastest in the cell cycle? Give a reason for your answer. Stage _____________________ Reason ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ (2) Page 11 of 16(d) The cell cycle in an onion root tip cell takes 16 hours. Calculate the length of time Stage 2 lasts in a typical cell. Give your answer to 2 significant figures. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Time in Stage 2 = ________________________ minutes (3) (e) Bacteria such as Escherichia coli undergo cell division similar to mitosis. Figure 2 shows a growth curve for E. coli grown in a nutrient broth. Figure 2What type of cell division causes the change in number of E. coli cells at P? ___________________________________________________________________ (1) Page 12 of 16(f) Suggest why the number of cells levels out at Q. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ (2)

3. How did the painter achieve what you like? Trial and error? Prototyping (sketch)? Observation (analysis)? etc

The flow chart illustrates the effect of a point mutation on an organism.Describe how a type of mutagen may have caused the changes observed in stage 2

Explain the steps involved in making plots.

The original image before a transformation has occurred is called a .