There are 40 pieces of paper on a table. The papers are either white only, black only or both white and black. 27 of the pieces of paper contain white. 32 of the pieces of paper contain black. How many pieces of paper are both white and black?
Question
There are 40 pieces of paper on a table. The papers are either white only, black only or both white and black. 27 of the pieces of paper contain white. 32 of the pieces of paper contain black. How many pieces of paper are both white and black?
Solution 1
Vamos a resolver el problema paso a paso.
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Definimos las variables:
- : número de papeles que contienen blanco.
- : número de papeles que contienen negro.
- : número de papeles que contienen tanto blanco como negro.
- : número total de papeles.
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Según el problema:
-
Usamos la fórmula de la unión de dos conjuntos:
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Sustituimos los valores conocidos en la fórmula:
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Simplificamos la ecuación:
-
Despejamos :
Por lo tanto, hay 19 papeles que son tanto blancos como negros.
Solution 2
Para resolver este problema, podemos usar el principio de inclusión-exclusión. Vamos a definir las siguientes variables:
- : el número de piezas de papel que contienen blanco.
- : el número de piezas de papel que contienen negro.
- : el número de piezas de papel que contienen tanto blanco como negro.
Sabemos que:
- El total de piezas de papel es 40.
El principio de inclusión-exclusión nos dice que:
Sustituyendo los valores conocidos:
Resolviendo para :
Por lo tanto, hay 19 piezas de papel que son tanto blancas como negras.
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