I. History Taking and clinical examination  Source of the cat: Rescue centers, unknown health history.  Multicat households: Relevant for infectious diseases.  Breed less important: Fewer inherited eye diseases.  Age, sex, medication history: Considered. Clinical Examination: o Eye shape and outline: Normality checked. o Head examined for symmetry, lid position, discharges. o Eyelids, conjunctiva, nictitating membrane examined. o Corneal reflex checked for health indication. o Vision assessed: Menace reflex, dazzle reflex, pupillary light reflex. o Ophthalmoscopy: Direct and close methods. Direct Ophthalmoscopy: o Key features: On/off switch, lens magazine, aperture/beam selector. o Uses: Examining pupil reflexes, assessing intraocular pressure. o Tropicamide administration for pupil dilation if no abnormalities found.  Schirmer Tear Test (STT): A method to measure tear production, particularly useful in evaluating eye health and diagnosing dry eye syndrome.  Fluorescein Staining: A diagnostic technique where fluorescein dye is applied to the eye's surface to highlight corneal defects or ulcers.  Rose Bengal Staining: The application of Rose Bengal dye to the eye's surface, used primarily to detect corneal damage, especially related to viral infections like feline herpes virus.  Local Anesthetic: Medication used to temporarily numb the surface of the eye, reducing pain and discomfort during examinations or procedures.  Tonometry: Measurement of intraocular pressure, crucial in diagnosing conditions like glaucoma.  Gonioscopy: Examination of the iridocorneal drainage angle, important in assessing glaucoma risk and other conditions affecting eye fluid dynamics.  Mydriasis: Pupil dilation achieved through medication, essential for comprehensive eye examinations.  Swabs, Scrapes, and Smears: Techniques for collecting samples from the eye's surface, useful in diagnosing infections or abnormalities.  Conjunctival Biopsies: Removal of tissue from the conjunctiva for examination, aiding in the diagnosis of various eye conditions.  Fine-needle Aspirate Biopsies: Collection of cells or fluid from periocular lesions using a fine needle for diagnostic purposes.  Aqueocentesis: Removal of fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye, providing diagnostic information in cases of uveal disease.  Retrobulbar Access: Surgical access to the area behind the eye, often used for diagnostic purposes or to differentiate causes of eye protrusion. II. The Globe and Orbit  Electroretinography (ERG): A diagnostic method that measures the electrical activity of the retina in response to light stimulation, often using a corneal electrode.  Ultrasound Examination: Imaging technique utilizing sound waves to visualize various eye conditions, including opacification of ocular media, retrobulbar disease, intraocular foreign bodies, lens luxations, and measuring globe size.  Radiography: Imaging method less useful for visualizing the globe directly, but helpful make an outline for this information