Using the table below, indicate which cells are outside of their normal value range, what the function ofthe cell is in the immune system, and provide an example of what this may mean in relation to risk orindication of infection or other conditions such as anaemia.Test Reference Interval ResultWhite blood count 4.0 – 10.5 x10-3/mL 1.5 x10-3/mLNeutrophils (absolute) 0.34 x10-3/mL 1.8-7.8 x10-3/mLEosinophils (absolute) 0.1 x10-3/mL 0.0-0.4 x10-3/mLBasophils (absolute) 0.0 x10-3/mL 0.0-0.2 x10-3/mLLymphocytes (absolute) 1.0 x10-3/mL 0.7-4.5 x10-3/mLMonocytes (absolute) 0.1 x10-3/mL 0.1-1.0 x10-3/mLRed blood count 3.50 x10-6/mL 4.70-6.10 x10-6/mLHemoglobin 10.8 g/dL 14.0-18.0 g/dLHematocrit 31.1 % 42.0-52.0Platelets 302 x10-3/mL 140-405 x10-3/mLQuestion 8 (~150 words)Discuss how the CNS and myelin change throughout the ageing process.Page 2 of 2

The results that are outside of their normal value range are:

1. White blood count: The normal range is 4.0 – 10.5 x10-3/mL, but the result is 1.5 x10-3/mL. White blood cells are crucial for the immune system as they fight infections. A low count could indicate a risk of infections, a condition called leukopenia, which can be caused by a variety of factors including diseases like HIV or certain types of cancer, or by drugs that damage white blood cells.

2. Red blood count: The normal range is 3.50 x10-6/mL, but the result is 4.70-6.10 x10-6/mL. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. A high count could indicate a condition called polycythemia, which can increase the risk of clots, strokes, or heart attacks.

3. Hemoglobin: The normal range is 10.8 g/dL, but the result is 14.0-18.0 g/dL. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A high level could indicate polycythemia, dehydration, or other conditions.

4. Hematocrit: The normal range is 31.1%, but the result is 42.0-52.0%. Hematocrit is the proportion of blood volume that is red blood cells. A high level could indicate dehydration, polycythemia, or other conditions.

The other cells are within their normal value range.

Regarding the CNS and myelin changes throughout the ageing process, as we age, the brain and spinal cord lose nerve cells and weight (brain atrophy). Myelin, the protective layer around the nerve fibers, also changes, leading to slower nerve conduction. These changes can affect cognitive function and motor skills. However, the extent of these changes can vary greatly among individuals.