When carrying out a flame test, which cation is identified by a yellow flame? Hydrogen, H+Copper II, Cu2+Sodium, Na+Lithium, Li+2What is meant by the term ‘precipitate’? Insoluble solidColourless gasClear solutionColoured solution3Which metal ions all form white precipitates when added to sodium hydroxide solution? Al3+, Na+ and K+Li+, Na+ and K+Al3+, Mg2+ and Cu2+Al3+, Mg2+ and Ca2+4How would you test whether a white precipitate formed in sodium hydroxide solution is the calcium Ca2+ ion?Does not dissolve in excess NaOH, burns with an orange-red flameDissolves when excess NaOH addedDoes not dissolve in excess NaOH, burns with no colourDoes not dissolve in excess NaOH, burns with a crimson flame5Which metal ion forms a green precipitate when added to sodium hydroxide solution?Copper (II), Cu2+Copper (I), Cu+Iron (III), Fe3+Iron (II), Fe2+6What is the balanced equation, with state symbols, for the reaction of iron(II) chloride with sodium hydroxide solution? FeCl (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) +Fe(OH)2 (s)FeCl2 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) +FeOH (s)FeCl2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) +Fe(OH)2 (s)Fe2Cl2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) +2FeOH (s)

The table shows the results of all the tests.MetalcompoundFlame test Aqueous acidifiedsilver nitrateAqueous acidifiedbarium chlorideAqueoussodium hydroxideX yellow white precipitate no precipitate no precipitateY red no precipitate white precipitate no precipitateZ no colour no precipitate no precipitate Green precipitate(i) Give the name of compound X and of compound Y.compound Xcompound Y(ii) Identify the cation present in compound Z.(c) Describe a chemical test, other than heating, that could be used to show that compound Zcontains carbonate ions.testresult

Another student was given a pale violet solid. He was told that it contained two cations (positiveions) from this listLi+ Ca2+ Fe2+ NH+4 Fe3+He performed a flame test on the solid.He then dissolved a small sample of the solid in water, a yellow solution was formed.He added sodium hydroxide solution and then warmed the mixture.The table shows his observations.Test Observationflame test no positive resultadd sodium hydroxide solution and warm brown precipitatea pungent - smelling gas was evolvedthe gas turned damp red litmus paper blue(i) The flame test gave no positive result.State the two cations from the list that are not present in the solidand(ii) Identify the pungent - smelling gas given off and explain why the red litmus paper must bedamp before it is used.(iii) Identify the two cations present in the pale violet solidand5. Some iron (II) sulfate (FeSO4) is dissolved in water to make a solution.(a) A reaction takes place when sodium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of iron (ⅠⅠ) sulfate.(i) Complete the word equation to show this reaction(ii) State what you would observe in this reaction._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________(b) Barium chloride is used to test for sulfate ions.(i) Barium chloride solution is added to another solution of iron (ⅠⅠ) sulfate. A whiteprecipitate forms. Identify the white precipitate.________________________________________________________________________________________________(ii) In this test, another substance should be added to react with any carbonate ions thatmight be present. Identify this other substance and state one observation that would be madeif carbonate ions were present.Other substance ___________________________________Observation __________________________________________________________________________________(C) A compound with the formula (NH4 )2Fe(SO4)2 gives the same results in the tests in parts (a)and (b) as iron (ⅠⅠ) sulfate (FeSO4). Describe how you could show that a solution of (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2contains ammonium ions.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A colorless aqueous solution contains nitrates of two metals, X and Y. When it was added to an aqueous solution of NaCl, a white precipitate was formed. This precipitate was found to be partly soluble in hot water to give a residue P and a solution Q. The residue P was soluble in aq. NH3 and also in excess sodium thiosulfate. The hot solution Q gave a yellow precipitate with KI. The metals X and Y, respectively, are4 pointsAg and PbAg and CdCd and PbCd and Zn

The three metal compounds are also tested separately with three reagents:● aqueous acidified silver nitrate● aqueous a acidified barium chloride● aqueous sodium hydroxideThe table shows the results of all the tests.MetalcompoundFlame test Aqueous acidifiedsilver nitrateAqueous acidifiedbarium chlorideAqueoussodium hydroxideX yellow white precipitate no precipitate no precipitateY red no precipitate white precipitate no precipitateZ no colour no precipitate no precipitate Green precipitate(i) Give the name of compound X and of compound Y.compound Xcompound Y(ii) Identify the cation present in compound Z.

A metal salt solution does not give any precipitate even on excess addition of NH4OH but gives white precipitate on addition of NaOH. The metal salt and white precipitate respectively can be