You have been introduced to the general concepts of control theory. With this background, study each of the following statements. Which statement is INCORRECT?Question 12Select one:a.We avoid dangerous hypoglycaemia between meals because insulin follows the concept of proportional control and decreases in response to low blood glucose levels.b.Feedforward control occurs when an anticipatory neural signal is sent from the brain to the structures involved in regulating critical physiological variables.c.From a physiological perspective, we consider that a control/regulatory system has five key features: an input signal, receptors, a central integrator, an effector organ and a physiological outcome.d.In physiology, the word “control” is used to describe changes to effector organs that are specifically designed to result in the regulation of variables in a homeostatic range. e.Negative feedback occurs when the output signal enhances the original effect of the stimulus, whereby the direction of change is in the same direction as the initial change in the variable.

In the homeostatic control of blood sugar levels, which two processes does insulin stimulate? Movement of glucose from the cells into the blood; conversion of glycogen to glucoseMovement of glucose from the cells into the blood; conversion of glucose to glycogenMovement of glucose from the blood into the cells; conversion of glycogen to glucoseMovement of glucose from the blood into the cells; conversion of glucose to glycogen

Which statement best describes the principle of feedback inhibition in metabolic regulation?Question 20Answera.The initial enzyme in a pathway is inhibited by the accumulation of its substrateb.The end product of a pathway increases enzyme activity at the beginning of the pathwayc.The final product of a pathway inhibits the action of earlier enzymes in the pathwayd.All enzymes in a pathway are inhibited equally by the final product

Which of the following is the best description of the homeostatic mechanism of negative feedback?Adjustment made by the body to return itself to normal after detecting a changeAdjustment made by the body to decrease the rate of metabolismAdjustment made by the body to increase the rate of metabolismThe negative thoughts that occur when the body is in fight or flight mode2What is the role of the pituitary gland in regulating metabolic rate? It detects the levels of glucose in the bloodIt releases thyroxineIt releases thyroid stimulating hormoneIt controls the amount of oxygen entering the body3What happens when the amount of thyroid stimulating hormone released from the pituitary gland increases? More thyroxine is released from the thyroid, metabolic rate increasesLess thyroxine is released from the thyroid, metabolic rate decreasesMore thyroxine is released from the thyroid, metabolic rate decreasesLess thyroxine is released from the thyroid, metabolic rate increases4Which gland is located at the top of your kidneys?Adrenal glandsPituitary glandSweat glandThyroid gland5Which of the following is not a ‘flight or fight’ response caused by the release of adrenalin? Increased heart rate and breathingBreakdown of glycogen reserves to produce glucoseBlood redirected from skeletal muscles to digestive systemDilation of pupils6Which of the following hormones is not controlled by a negative feedback mechanism?AdrenalinADHInsulinThyroxine

Upon entry of meal in the digestive system there is secretion of insulin increases to promote the cellular uptake and storage of ingested nutrients. Which of the following mechanism is responsible for this event:Select one:a. Negative feedbackb. Adaptivec. Feed forwardd. Positive feedbackClear my choice

Considering the regulation of blood glucose concentration, which of the following statements is accurate?The pancreas is an effector.High blood glucose concentration is a receptor.The beta cells of the islets of Langerhans are a stimulus.The liver is an effector.