The lowest ranking grey wolf is omega. The omega plays the role of scapegoat. Omega wolves always have to submit to all the other dominant wolves. They are the last wolves that are allowed to eat. It may seem the omega is not an important individual in the pack, but it has been observed that the whole pack face internal fighting and problems in case of losing the omega. This is due to the venting of violence and frustration of all wolves by the omega(s). This assists in satisfying the entire pack and maintaining the dominance structure. In some cases, the omega is also the babysitters in the pack.

The second level in the hierarchy of grey wolves is beta. The betas are subordinate wolves that help the alpha in decision-making or other pack activities. The beta wolf can be either male or female, and he/she is probably the best candidate to be the alpha in case one of the alpha wolves passes away or becomes very old. The beta wolf should respect the alpha, but commands the other lower-level wolves as well. It plays the role of an adviser to the alpha and discipliner for the pack. The beta reinforces the alpha's commands throughout the pack and gives feedback to the alpha.

The leaders are a male and a female, called alphas. The alpha is mostly responsible for making decisions about hunting, sleeping place, time to wake, and so on. The alpha’s decisions are dictated to the pack. However, some kind of democratic behavior has also been observed, in which an alpha follows the other wolves in the pack. In gatherings, the entire pack acknowledges the alpha by holding their tails down. The alpha wolf is also called the dominant wolf since his/her orders should be followed by the pack. The alpha wolves are only allowed to mate in the pack. Interestingly, the alpha is not necessarily the strongest member of the pack but the best in terms of managing the pack. This shows that the organization and discipline of a pack is much more important than its strength.

Which wolf species is described as the most endangered?A) Gray wolfB) Red wolfC) Ethiopian wolfD) Arctic wolf

Which of these is an opinion?HINTA.Dark coats come from one certain gene.B.A protein helps fight infections in people.C.Gray wolves sometimes have dark or black coats.D.Gray wolves are the most interesting wolves to study.SUBMITExtras© 2024 Achieve3000 Inc. and its licensors.All Rights Reserved.

Let's say you are writing a summary of the article. Which is most important to put in the summary?A.Wolves are sometimes named for their coat colors.B.Gray wolves inherited genes from ancient dogs.C.Gray wolves hunt other animals for food in the wild.D.Wolves and ancient dogs both eat wild animals.SUBMITExtras© 2024 Achieve3000 Inc. and its licensors.All Rights Reserved.