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Design a hash function for storing strings (e.g., names) in a hash table of size 10. Describe how your hash function handles collisions and provide an example of inserting three names into the hash table.

Question

Design a hash function for storing strings (e.g., names) in a hash table of size 10. Describe how your hash function handles collisions and provide an example of inserting three names into the hash table.

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Solution

Sure, here is a simple hash function design for storing strings in a hash table of size 10.

  1. Hash Function: The hash function will convert the input string into an integer that represents a specific index in the hash table. A simple way to do this is to take the ASCII value of each character in the string, sum them up, and then take the modulus of that sum by the size of the hash table. Here is a Python-like pseudocode representation of this hash function:
def hash_function(key):
    sum = 0
    for char in key:
        sum += ord(char)  # ord() gets the ASCII value of a character
    return sum % 10  # size of the hash table
  1. Handling Collisions: The hash function can result in collisions, where two different keys map to the same index in the hash table. A common way to handle this is by using separate chaining, which essentially means each index in the hash table points to a linked list of entries. When a collision occurs, the new key is added to the end of the list at the collided index.

  2. Inserting Names: Let's say we want to insert the names "John", "Paul", and "George" into the hash table. Here is how we would do it:

hash_table = [[] for _ in range(10)]  # Initialize an empty hash table

def insert(hash_table, key):
    index = hash_function(key)
    hash_table[index].append(key)

insert(hash_table, "John")
insert(hash_table, "Paul")
insert(hash_table, "George")

After these insertions, the hash table might look something like this (assuming the hash function gives different indices for each name):

hash_table = [[], [], [], ["John"], [], [], ["Paul"], [], [], ["George"]]

This means "John" is stored at index 3, "Paul" at index 6, and "George" at index 9. If a collision occurred, the names would be stored in the same index but in a linked list. For example, if "John" and "Paul" had the same hash, the table might look like this:

hash_table = [[], [], [], ["John", "Paul"], [], [], [], [], [], ["George"]]

This is a very basic example and real-world hash functions can be much more complex, but it should give you a good starting point.

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Similar Questions

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