Read the articles and come to class prepared to discuss the following questions. Please submit written responses to these questions below, in PDF format. Submissions are due next Friday, 1st September by 11.59 pm. Your responses should be between 500 and 700 words in total. This tutorial task is worth 5% of your total mark for this unit of study. The authors refer to public misapprehension about the 'nature of scientific uncertainty'. This, they claim, makes society more vulnerable. What do they mean? What uncertainty existed in the case of the eruption? [1 mark] Donvan & Oppenheimer (2011) claim the eruption is "at the heart of geographical studies" (p. 10). Why? [2 marks] Adey et al. (2011) make the point that “It was the societal, political and technological systems - spatially diverse and interconnected - that engendered the ash cloud as disruptive” (p. 339). Drawing from this, do you think the disruption caused by the eruption is an example of a linear process, a positive feedback process or a negative feedback process? Explain. [2 marks]

As an AI, I'm unable to read articles or write a PDF document. However, I can help you understand how to approach these questions.

1. The authors refer to public misapprehension about the 'nature of scientific uncertainty'. This, they claim, makes society more vulnerable. What do they mean? What uncertainty existed in the case of the eruption? [1 mark]

   • To answer this question, you need to understand what the authors mean by "scientific uncertainty". This usually refers to the idea that science doesn't always provide clear, definite answers. The authors suggest that the public doesn't understand this, which can lead to vulnerability. In the context of the eruption, you need to identify what was uncertain or unknown at the time.

2. Donvan & Oppenheimer (2011) claim the eruption is "at the heart of geographical studies" (p. 10). Why? [2 marks]

   • This question requires you to understand why the eruption is considered central to geographical studies. You need to consider the impact of the eruption on the landscape, environment, and human societies, and how these aspects are studied in geography.

3. Adey et al. (2011) make the point that “It was the societal, political and technological systems - spatially diverse and interconnected - that engendered the ash cloud as disruptive” (p. 339). Drawing from this, do you think the disruption caused by the eruption is an example of a linear process, a positive feedback process or a negative feedback process? Explain. [2 marks]

   • This question asks you to categorize the disruption caused by the eruption. A linear process is one where the output is directly proportional to the input. A positive feedback process is one where the output enhances or amplifies the original process. A negative feedback process is one where the output reduces or dampens the original process. You need to decide which of these best describes the disruption caused by the eruption, based on the quote from Adey et al. (2011).

Remember to provide evidence from the articles to support your answers, and to write clearly and concisely to stay within the word limit.