Which of the following changes will increase the rate at which a mammalian organism loses body heat to the environment?A.Vasoconstriction of the organism's superficial blood vesselsB.Vasoconstriction of the organism's pulmonary blood vesselsC.Replacement of the organism's lean muscle mass with superficial fatD.Increase in the organism's rate of pulmonary ventilation
Question
Which of the following changes will increase the rate at which a mammalian organism loses body heat to the environment?A.Vasoconstriction of the organism's superficial blood vesselsB.Vasoconstriction of the organism's pulmonary blood vesselsC.Replacement of the organism's lean muscle mass with superficial fatD.Increase in the organism's rate of pulmonary ventilation
Solution
The rate at which a mammalian organism loses body heat to the environment can be increased by D. Increase in the organism's rate of pulmonary ventilation.
Here's why:
A. Vasoconstriction of the organism's superficial blood vessels - This would actually decrease heat loss. Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels. When blood vessels near the surface of the skin constrict, they allow less warm blood from the body's core to reach the skin, reducing heat loss to the environment.
B. Vasoconstriction of the organism's pulmonary blood vessels - This would not directly affect heat loss. The pulmonary blood vessels are involved in gas exchange in the lungs, not heat exchange with the environment.
C. Replacement of the organism's lean muscle mass with superficial fat - This would likely decrease heat loss. Fat is a good insulator, so having more of it just under the skin would help to keep body heat in.
D. Increase in the organism's rate of pulmonary ventilation - This would increase heat loss. Pulmonary ventilation is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs. When this process is sped up, it can help to carry away heat from the body, increasing heat loss to the environment.
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