Explain the term population census.           (b) State two (2) effects of over-population.

Step 1: Define the term population census. A population census is a systematic collection of data about the individuals living in a specific geographic area. It involves gathering information about various demographic characteristics such as age, gender, occupation, education, and household composition. The purpose of a population census is to provide accurate and up-to-date information about the size, distribution, and characteristics of a population.

Step 2: State two effects of over-population.

1. Strain on resources: Over-population can lead to a strain on resources such as food, water, energy, and housing. As the population increases, the demand for these resources also increases, which can result in scarcity and unequal distribution. This can lead to competition, conflicts, and a decrease in the overall quality of life for individuals.

2. Environmental degradation: Over-population can have a negative impact on the environment. The increased demand for resources and the expansion of human settlements can lead to deforestation, pollution, habitat destruction, and loss of biodiversity. These environmental changes can have long-term consequences for ecosystems, wildlife, and the overall health of the planet.

It is important to note that these effects may vary depending on the specific context and the ability of a region or country to manage and sustain its population.