What did Dix believe is the only way to remedy, or correct, "the evils to which I refer, and which I shall proceed more fully to illustrate"? Social reformer Dorothea Dix spent about two years investigating the treatment of mentally ill people in Massachusetts. This passage is from her report to the Massachusetts legislature in 1843.About two years since [ago] leisure afforded opportunity and duty prompted me to visit several prisons and almshouses in the vicinity of this metropolis. I found, near Boston, in the jails and asylums for the poor, a numerous class brought into unsuitable connection with criminals and the general mass of paupers. I refer to idiots and insane persons, dwelling in circumstances not only adverse [unhelpful] to their own physical and moral improvement, but productive of extreme disadvantages to all other persons brought into association with them. . . . Every new investigation has given depth to the conviction [belief] that it is only by decided, prompt, and vigorous legislation the evils to which I refer, and which I shall proceed more fully to illustrate, can be remedied [corrected]. . . . It is the Commonwealth [state of Massachusetts] . . . that is accountable [responsible] for most of the abuses which have lately and do still exist. I repeat it, it is defective legislation which perpetuates [keeps up] and multiplies these abuses. In illustration of my subject, I offer the following extracts from my Note-book and Journal: Springfield. In the jail, one lunatic woman, furiously mad . . . Lincoln. A woman in a cage. Medford. One idiotic subject chained, and one in a close stall for seventeen years. Pepperell. One often doubly chained, hand and foot; another violent; several peaceable now. Brookfield. One man caged, comfortable. Granville. One often closely confined; now losing the use of his limbs from want of exercise. Charlemont. One man caged. Savoy. One man caged. Lenox. Two in the jail, against whose unfit condition there the jailer protests. Dedham. The insane disadvantageously placed in the jail. In the almshouse, two females in stalls, situated in the main building; lie in wooden bunks filled with straw; always shut up. . . . Besides the above, I have seen many who, part of the year, are chained or caged. The use of cages all but universal. Hardly a town but can refer to some not distant period of using them; chains are less common . . . Gentlemen, I commit to you this sacred cause. Your action upon this subject will affect the present and future condition of hundreds and of thousands. . . . Respectfully submitted, D. L. DIX. January, 1843.A:A. better training for the prison wardens who house the mentally illB:B. punishment for the prison wardens who house the mentally illC:C. legislation to create public facilities for the mentally illD:D. forcing families to care for mentally ill relatives at home

For about how many years did Dorothea Dix investigate conditions in prisons and almshouses? Social reformer Dorothea Dix spent about two years investigating the treatment of mentally ill people in Massachusetts. This passage is from her report to the Massachusetts legislature in 1843.About two years since [ago] leisure afforded opportunity and duty prompted me to visit several prisons and almshouses in the vicinity of this metropolis. I found, near Boston, in the jails and asylums for the poor, a numerous class brought into unsuitable connection with criminals and the general mass of paupers. I refer to idiots and insane persons, dwelling in circumstances not only adverse [unhelpful] to their own physical and moral improvement, but productive of extreme disadvantages to all other persons brought into association with them. . . . Every new investigation has given depth to the conviction [belief] that it is only by decided, prompt, and vigorous legislation the evils to which I refer, and which I shall proceed more fully to illustrate, can be remedied [corrected]. . . . It is the Commonwealth [state of Massachusetts] . . . that is accountable [responsible] for most of the abuses which have lately and do still exist. I repeat it, it is defective legislation which perpetuates [keeps up] and multiplies these abuses. In illustration of my subject, I offer the following extracts from my Note-book and Journal: Springfield. In the jail, one lunatic woman, furiously mad . . . Lincoln. A woman in a cage. Medford. One idiotic subject chained, and one in a close stall for seventeen years. Pepperell. One often doubly chained, hand and foot; another violent; several peaceable now. Brookfield. One man caged, comfortable. Granville. One often closely confined; now losing the use of his limbs from want of exercise. Charlemont. One man caged. Savoy. One man caged. Lenox. Two in the jail, against whose unfit condition there the jailer protests. Dedham. The insane disadvantageously placed in the jail. In the almshouse, two females in stalls, situated in the main building; lie in wooden bunks filled with straw; always shut up. . . . Besides the above, I have seen many who, part of the year, are chained or caged. The use of cages all but universal. Hardly a town but can refer to some not distant period of using them; chains are less common . . . Gentlemen, I commit to you this sacred cause. Your action upon this subject will affect the present and future condition of hundreds and of thousands. . . . Respectfully submitted, D. L. DIX. January, 1843.A:A. about three yearsB:B. about two yearsC:C. about four yearsD:D. about ten years

Give your viewpoints of Dorothea Lynde Dix.  Is there anyone today who you think is like her?

16. Why did Elizabeth Blackwell have a difficult time getting into medical school? aThere were no schools in her home state.bShe could not afford to pay the tuition.cMost medical schools would not accept women.dHer grades were not considered good enough.17. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony worked together in the campaign for ___________ rights. aAfrican American'sbwomen'screligiousdeducation18. Which of these does not describe the conditions Dorothea Dix found when she began to investigate the current conditions of prisons and mental institutions aPrisoners were put in cages and chained.bCruel punishments were outlawed.cMost mentally ill were imprisoned in poor conditions.dChildren were tried in court as adults19. Who delivered the speeches written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton? aLucretia MottbSusan B. AnthonycSojourner TruthdAngelina Grimke20. Which two great reform movements did Sojourner Truth represent? aWomen's rights and ending slaverybPrison reform and treatment of the mentally illcWomen's rights and education reformdEducation reform and ending slavery

1. Dorothea Dix dedicated her life to ateaching religion.beliminating slavery.chelping the imprisoned.destablishing public schools.2. Who said the following quote? Education then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is a great equalizer of the conditions of men--the balance wheel of the social machinery. aElizabeth BlackwellbDorothea DixcFrederick DouglassdHorace Mann3. Which group benefited most from early efforts to establish public schools? agirlsbboyscAmerican IndiansdAfrican Americans4. Which group was focused on eliminating slavery? apoliticiansbabolitionistscmissionariesdtranscendentalists5. How did Frederick Douglass spread his message of freedom for all people? athrough newspapersbby running for officecby rising up in revoltdthrough church sermons

Based on Dickens’s portrayals of the villainous characters in his novel (particularly Madame Defarge), what conclusions might the reader draw about the author’s notions of human evil? Does he seem to think that people are born evil? If so, do they lack the ability to change? Or does he suggest that circumstances drive human beings to their acts of cruelty?