A statistic professor is investigating the relationship between tutorial class size and academic performance for a post-graduate statistics for business and economics course. She collects data on the tutorial class size (number of students) and average class mark (out of 100) for a sample of 15 tutorial classes. Tutorial size (X) 15 25 22 12 28 22 17 29 8 15 22 19 21 27 15 Average mark (Y) 78 67 69 79 58 65 72 61 82 73 68 70 70 65 77 Note: you can use Excel to run a regression. Insert the above data in Excel and then click on Data/Data Analysis/Regression (a) Assuming a linear relationship between X and Y, the professor used the least-squares method and found that the Y intercept (b0) = 91.1918 and the slope (b1) = -1.0568. Interpret the meaning of the slope. Answer: for each additional student in a tutorial class, the average (tutorial) class mark is estimated to decrease by around 1.06 points, on average. Note: the word “average” is written twice because the unit of measurement of the dependent variable (Y) is average mark. The slope coefficient indicates the average change in Y associated with a one-unit change in X. (b) Predict the mean value of Y for X = 16, and interpret it
Question
A statistic professor is investigating the relationship between tutorial class size and academic performance for a post-graduate statistics for business and economics course. She collects data on the tutorial class size (number of students) and average class mark (out of 100) for a sample of 15 tutorial classes. Tutorial size (X) 15 25 22 12 28 22 17 29 8 15 22 19 21 27 15 Average mark (Y) 78 67 69 79 58 65 72 61 82 73 68 70 70 65 77 Note: you can use Excel to run a regression. Insert the above data in Excel and then click on Data/Data Analysis/Regression (a) Assuming a linear relationship between X and Y, the professor used the least-squares method and found that the Y intercept (b0) = 91.1918 and the slope (b1) = -1.0568. Interpret the meaning of the slope. Answer: for each additional student in a tutorial class, the average (tutorial) class mark is estimated to decrease by around 1.06 points, on average. Note: the word “average” is written twice because the unit of measurement of the dependent variable (Y) is average mark. The slope coefficient indicates the average change in Y associated with a one-unit change in X. (b) Predict the mean value of Y for X = 16, and interpret it
Solution
Answer: To predict the mean value of Y for X = 16, we substitute X = 16 into the regression equation Y = b0 + b1X.
So, Y = 91.1918 - 1.0568(16) = 74.2952
This means that for a tutorial class size of 16 students, the predicted average class mark is approximately 74.3 out of 100.
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