f-century.  A black hole is a region of space where the force of gravity is especially strong and gravitational potential energy U is very large.  Analogous to the electrostatic potential energy associated with electrical charges, U is defined as the work required to move an object of mass m from an infinite distance to a point at radial distance r within the gravitational field of a second mass M as given byU=−GMmr𝑈=-𝐺𝑀𝑚𝑟Equation 1where G is the gravitational constant.  Near a black hole, the gravitational potential energy can become so negative that not even light has enough energy to escape the black hole's gravity.Escape velocity can be determined by launching an object of mass m with velocity v to an infinite radial distance from the surface of a central mass M (eg, a star or a planet) with radius R.  For a black hole to exist, the escape velocity must be equal to the speed of light.Scientists have thoroughly studied the physics of black holes.  Stars near the center of our galaxy have been observed to orbit an extremely massive, invisible object (millions of times more massive than our Sun) that is almost certainly a black hole.  The orbital angular velocity ω of a star is defined asω=360°⋅f𝜔=360°⋅𝑓Equation 2where f is the frequency of rotation in hertz (Hz).  Likewise, black holes are not merely static masses but are often observed to rotate about their own axis.  The interaction between the rotation of a black hole and matter falling into the hole is suspected to form powerful beams (jets) of ionized matter that project away from the black hole along its axis of rotation.  Nevertheless, many aspects of how these jets are formed remains a mystery.  Black holes will remain a fruitful area for research far into the future. Question 13An object is launched with a one-time burst of propulsion away from the surface of the Moon.  After the burst, which of the following best describes the changes that occur as the object moves away from the Moon's surface?A.The object mass is dissipated as heat.B.Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.C.Kinetic energy is converted into potential energy.D.Total mechanical energy is not conserved.Submit