What factors are responsible to vary the dimensions from standard to actual

The factors that can cause variations from standard to actual dimensions can be numerous and depend on the specific context. However, some common factors include:

1. Manufacturing Process: The manufacturing process can introduce variations due to factors such as machine accuracy, tool wear, and operator skill. For example, a machine may not be able to produce parts to the exact dimensions specified due to limitations in its accuracy.

2. Material Properties: The properties of the material being used can also cause variations. For example, materials can expand or contract due to temperature changes, or may have inherent variations in their properties.

3. Design Tolerances: The tolerances specified in the design can also lead to variations. Tolerances are the allowable variations from the specified dimensions, and are often included in the design to account for unavoidable variations in the manufacturing process.

4. Measurement Error: Errors in measurement can also lead to variations. These can be due to inaccuracies in the measuring equipment, or errors made by the person taking the measurements.

5. Environmental Conditions: Changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity can cause materials to expand or contract, leading to variations in dimensions.

6. Handling and Storage: Improper handling and storage can also lead to variations. For example, if a part is dropped or stored in a way that puts stress on it, it may become deformed and its dimensions may change.