What is the difference between a topographic survey and a cadastral survey?

A topographic survey and a cadastral survey are both types of land surveys, but they serve different purposes and provide different types of information.

1. Topographic Survey: This type of survey is used to identify and map the contours of the ground and existing features on the surface of the earth or slightly above or below the earth's surface. This includes trees, buildings, streets, walkways, manholes, utility poles, retaining walls, etc. The purpose of a topographic survey is to gather the data needed to create a three-dimensional map of a property, which can be used by architects, engineers, and builders.

2. Cadastral Survey: This type of survey, on the other hand, is used to define, mark and map the boundaries and ownership of land parcels. This could be for the purpose of selling, buying or leasing land or property. The cadastral survey provides a legal description of the land, including its boundaries and any related easements or encroachments.

In summary, while a topographic survey focuses on the physical features and contours of a property, a cadastral survey focuses on the legal boundaries and ownership of a property.