Let's say we find a significant positive correlation between attendance and grade in class. Our intuitive reaction is to think that attendance causes (good) grades in class, but we know better: correlation does not imply causation. If the reason we see the correlation is because students who have to work a lot of hours will miss class AND ALSO will not have as much time to study (and therefore have lower grades), this is an example of __.Group of answer choicestemporal precedencethe third variable problemthe directionality problembad internal validity

Correlation studies are useful in that they show causation to help us better understand how two variables relate to one another. Group of answer choicesTrue False

If a significant correlation is found between two variables, X and Y, but it turns out X does not cause Y and Y does not cause X, a term for this correlation is:Group of answer choicesIllusoryUnfoundedTri-causalSpuriousInsignificant

Spurious correlations are when the correlations __.Group of answer choicesall of the above are truehave X and Y flippedhave a causal relationshipcould be due to a third variable OR could occur even without a third variable

f there is a correlation between two things, X and Y, but it turns out X does not cause Y and Y does not cause X, the correlation is sometimes termed:Group of answer choicesSpuriousUnfoundedNuminousBicausal

Consider the statement below:The divorce rate in Maine decreases with the per-capita consumption of margarine.Which relation best describes this statement?Accidental correlationCausationNegative correlationPositive correlation