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Two planets are orbiting a star. Planet A is closer to the star than Planet B. Which description explains the expected motion of Planets A and B? Planet B orbits faster than Planet A. Planet B has a shorter orbital period than Planet A. Planet A orbits faster than Planet B. Planet A has an equal orbital period to Planet B.

Question

Two planets are orbiting a star. Planet A is closer to the star than Planet B. Which description explains the expected motion of Planets A and B? Planet B orbits faster than Planet A. Planet B has a shorter orbital period than Planet A. Planet A orbits faster than Planet B. Planet A has an equal orbital period to Planet B.

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Solution

Para responder a esta pregunta, debemos considerar las leyes del movimiento planetario de Kepler, específicamente la tercera ley de Kepler, que establece que el cuadrado del período orbital de un planeta es proporcional al cubo de la distancia media del planeta al sol.

  1. Ley de Kepler: La tercera ley de Kepler dice que T2r3 T^2 \propto r^3 , donde T T es el período orbital y r r es la distancia media al sol. Esto significa que cuanto más lejos esté un planeta del sol, más largo será su período orbital.

  2. Comparación de distancias: Dado que el Planeta A está más cerca de la estrella que el Planeta B, rA<rB r_A < r_B .

  3. Período orbital: Según la tercera ley de Kepler, el Planeta A tendrá un período orbital más corto que el Planeta B porque está más cerca de la estrella. Por lo tanto, TA<TB T_A < T_B .

  4. Velocidad orbital: La velocidad orbital de un planeta es mayor cuanto más cerca está del sol debido a la mayor fuerza gravitacional. Por lo tanto, el Planeta A orbita más rápido que el Planeta B.

Con base en estos puntos, la descripción correcta es: Planet A orbits faster than Planet B.

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