A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. It works on the principle of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction which states that the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage with time induces an electromotive force (EMF) or 'voltage' in a surrounding closed circuit.

Here are the steps explaining how a transformer works when connected to an AC source:

1. When an alternating current (AC) is passed through the primary coil (input), it creates a changing magnetic field around the coil.

2. This changing magnetic field induces a voltage or EMF in the secondary coil (output). This is due to the magnetic flux linkage with the secondary coil changing with time, as per Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

3. The amount of voltage induced in the secondary coil depends on the turns ratio of the transformer. If the secondary coil has more turns than the primary coil, the transformer is a step-up transformer and it increases the voltage. If the secondary coil has fewer turns, it's a step-down transformer and it decreases the voltage.

4. The induced voltage in the secondary coil can then be used to power another circuit.

5. The transformer works efficiently when connected to an AC source because the AC current continuously changes its direction, thus constantly changing the magnetic field and inducing a voltage in the secondary coil. If a DC source was used, the magnetic field would not change once established, and no voltage would be induced in the secondary coil after the initial surge.

In conclusion, a transformer can work effectively when connected to an AC source due to the continuous change in direction of the AC current, which leads to a constantly changing magnetic field necessary for the induction of voltage in the secondary coil.

Question

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. It works on the principle of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction which states that the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage with time induces an electromotive force (EMF) or 'voltage' in a surrounding closed circuit.

Here are the steps explaining how a transformer works when connected to an AC source:

1. When an alternating current (AC) is passed through the primary coil (input), it creates a changing magnetic field around the coil.

2. This changing magnetic field induces a voltage or EMF in the secondary coil (output). This is due to the magnetic flux linkage with the secondary coil changing with time, as per Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

3. The amount of voltage induced in the secondary coil depends on the turns ratio of the transformer. If the secondary coil has more turns than the primary coil, the transformer is a step-up transformer and it increases the voltage. If the secondary coil has fewer turns, it's a step-down transformer and it decreases the voltage.

4. The induced voltage in the secondary coil can then be used to power another circuit.

5. The transformer works efficiently when connected to an AC source because the AC current continuously changes its direction, thus constantly changing the magnetic field and inducing a voltage in the secondary coil. If a DC source was used, the magnetic field would not change once established, and no voltage would be induced in the secondary coil after the initial surge.

In conclusion, a transformer can work effectively when connected to an AC source due to the continuous change in direction of the AC current, which leads to a constantly changing magnetic field necessary for the induction of voltage in the secondary coil.

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