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Solid sodium hydroxide is slowly added to 1 L solution of 0.59 M acetic acid (CH3COOH). What is the pH of the equivalence point where just enough sodium hydroxide has been added to completely react with the acetic acid in solution?The pKa of acetic acid is 4.76Some useful formulas:pKa + pKb = 14𝑝𝐾𝑏=−log10⁡𝐾𝑏[𝑂𝐻−]=𝐾𝑏×[𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂−]𝑝𝑂𝐻=−log10⁡[𝑂𝐻−]pH + pOH = 14

Question

Solid sodium hydroxide is slowly added to 1 L solution of 0.59 M acetic acid (CH3COOH). What is the pH of the equivalence point where just enough sodium hydroxide has been added to completely react with the acetic acid in solution?The pKa of acetic acid is 4.76Some useful formulas:pKa + pKb = 14𝑝𝐾𝑏=−log10⁡𝐾𝑏[𝑂𝐻−]=𝐾𝑏×[𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂−]𝑝𝑂𝐻=−log10⁡[𝑂𝐻−]pH + pOH = 14

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Solution

Para determinar el pH en el punto de equivalencia, donde se ha añadido suficiente hidróxido de sodio para reaccionar completamente con el ácido acético, seguimos estos pasos:

  1. Calcular la cantidad de moles de ácido acético: Moles de CH3COOH=Molaridad×Volumen=0.59M×1L=0.59moles \text{Moles de } \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} = \text{Molaridad} \times \text{Volumen} = 0.59 \, \text{M} \times 1 \, \text{L} = 0.59 \, \text{moles}

  2. En el punto de equivalencia, los moles de NaOH añadidos son iguales a los moles de ácido acético: Moles de NaOH=0.59moles \text{Moles de NaOH} = 0.59 \, \text{moles}

  3. En el punto de equivalencia, todo el ácido acético se ha convertido en su base conjugada, el ion acetato (CH3_3COO^-): Concentracioˊn de CH3COO=0.59moles1L=0.59M \text{Concentración de } \text{CH}_3\text{COO}^- = \frac{0.59 \, \text{moles}}{1 \, \text{L}} = 0.59 \, \text{M}

  4. Calcular Kb K_b del ion acetato usando la relación pKa+pKb=14 pK_a + pK_b = 14 : pKb=14pKa=144.76=9.24 pK_b = 14 - pK_a = 14 - 4.76 = 9.24 Kb=10pKb=109.24 K_b = 10^{-pK_b} = 10^{-9.24}

  5. Calcular la concentración de iones OH^- usando Kb K_b : [OH]=Kb×[CH3COO] [\text{OH}^-] = \sqrt{K_b \times [\text{CH}_3\text{COO}^-]} Kb=109.245.75×1010 K_b = 10^{-9.24} \approx 5.75 \times 10^{-10} [OH]=5.75×1010×0.593.39×10101.84×105M [\text{OH}^-] = \sqrt{5.75 \times 10^{-10} \times 0.59} \approx \sqrt{3.39 \times 10^{-10}} \approx 1.84 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{M}

  6. Calcular el pOH: pOH=log10[OH]=log10(1.84×105)4.74 pOH = -\log_{10}[\text{OH}^-] = -\log_{10}(1.84 \times 10^{-5}) \approx 4.74

  7. Calcular el pH usando la relación pH+pOH=14 pH + pOH = 14 : pH=14pOH=144.74=9.26 pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.74 = 9.26

Por lo tanto, el pH en el punto de equivalencia es aproximadamente 9.26.

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