In the question given below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then consider the two conclusions together and decide which of them logically follows beyond a reasonable doubt from the information given in the statementStatements: All papers are files. Some files are pens. Conclusions:I. No paper is a pen.II. Some pens are papers.
Question
In the question given below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then consider the two conclusions together and decide which of them logically follows beyond a reasonable doubt from the information given in the statementStatements: All papers are files. Some files are pens. Conclusions:I. No paper is a pen.II. Some pens are papers.
Solution
From the given statement, we can derive the following:
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All papers are files: This means that the category of 'papers' is completely contained within the category of 'files'.
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Some files are pens: This means that there is an overlap between the categories of 'files' and 'pens'.
Now, let's examine the conclusions:
I. No paper is a pen: We cannot definitively conclude this from the given statements. While it's true that not all files are pens, we don't know whether the 'papers' (which are a subset of 'files') might overlap with 'pens'.
II. Some pens are papers: Similarly, we cannot definitively conclude this from the given statements. While some files are pens, we don't know whether this overlap includes any papers.
Therefore, neither conclusion I nor conclusion II can be logically derived beyond a reasonable doubt from the given statements.
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