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Assume that the company decides to continue with the current Love business. The following financial information is further available to you: Love business requires additional $1 billion over the next three years starting with the current year. These capital expenditures have been projected, including expected future cost increases, as follows: Year end 2022 2023 2024 Construction costs ($ million) 300 600 100 Generation of surplus from this expansion will commence in 2025 and the annual operating surplus in cash terms is expected to be $100 million per annum (at 1 January 2025 price and cost levels). This value has been well validated by preliminary studies and includes the cost of reprocessing, ongoing maintenance and systems replacement as well as the continuing operating costs of running the plant. The operating surplus is expected to rise in line with nominal GDP growth. The plant is expected to have an operating life of 30 years. Decommissioning costs at the end of the project have been estimated at $600 million at current (2022) costs. Decommissioning costs are expected to rise in line with nominal GDP growth. The company’s nominal cost of capital is 10% per annum. All estimates, unless otherwise stated, are at 1 January 2022 price and cost levels. The core macro economic assumptions are that country’s GDP will grow at an annual rate of 4% (nominal) and inflation will be maintained at the 2% target set by the Government. Produce a preliminary briefing note on the basis of the above information which includes: (i) An estimate of the net present value for this project as at the commencement of construction in 2022. (10 marks) (ii) A discussion of the principal uncertainties associated with this project (4 marks) (iii) A sensitivity of the project’s net present value (in percentage and in $), to changes in the construction cost, the annual operating surplus and the decommissioning cost. (4 marks) (Assume that the increase in construction costs would be proportional to the initial investment for each year.)

Question

Assume that the company decides to continue with the current Love business. The following financial information is further available to you: Love business requires additional 1billionoverthenextthreeyearsstartingwiththecurrentyear.Thesecapitalexpenditureshavebeenprojected,includingexpectedfuturecostincreases,asfollows:Yearend202220232024Constructioncosts(1 billion over the next three years starting with the current year. These capital expenditures have been projected, including expected future cost increases, as follows: Year end 2022 2023 2024 Construction costs ( million) 300 600 100

Generation of surplus from this expansion will commence in 2025 and the annual operating surplus in cash terms is expected to be 100millionperannum(at1January2025priceandcostlevels).Thisvaluehasbeenwellvalidatedbypreliminarystudiesandincludesthecostofreprocessing,ongoingmaintenanceandsystemsreplacementaswellasthecontinuingoperatingcostsofrunningtheplant.TheoperatingsurplusisexpectedtoriseinlinewithnominalGDPgrowth.Theplantisexpectedtohaveanoperatinglifeof30years.Decommissioningcostsattheendoftheprojecthavebeenestimatedat100 million per annum (at 1 January 2025 price and cost levels). This value has been well validated by preliminary studies and includes the cost of reprocessing, ongoing maintenance and systems replacement as well as the continuing operating costs of running the plant. The operating surplus is expected to rise in line with nominal GDP growth. The plant is expected to have an operating life of 30 years. Decommissioning costs at the end of the project have been estimated at 600 million at current (2022) costs. Decommissioning costs are expected to rise in line with nominal GDP growth. The company’s nominal cost of capital is 10% per annum. All estimates, unless otherwise stated, are at 1 January 2022 price and cost levels.

The core macro economic assumptions are that country’s GDP will grow at an annual rate of 4% (nominal) and inflation will be maintained at the 2% target set by the Government.

Produce a preliminary briefing note on the basis of the above information which includes: (i) An estimate of the net present value for this project as at the commencement of construction in 2022. (10 marks) (ii) A discussion of the principal uncertainties associated with this project (4 marks) (iii) A sensitivity of the project’s net present value (in percentage and in $), to changes in the construction cost, the annual operating surplus and the decommissioning cost. (4

marks) (Assume that the increase in construction costs would be proportional to the initial investment for each year.)

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Solution

(i) To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project, we need to consider the cash inflows and outflows over the life of the project, discounted back to present value terms using the company's cost of capital.

The cash outflows are the construction costs, which are 300millionin2022,300 million in 2022, 600 million in 2023, and 100millionin2024.Thecashinflowsaretheannualoperatingsurplusof100 million in 2024. The cash inflows are the annual operating surplus of 100 million starting in 2025 for 30 years. The decommissioning cost of $600 million at the end of the project life (2054) is also a cash outflow.

The NPV formula is:

NPV = ∑ [Cash inflow - Cash outflow / (1 + r)^n] - Initial Investment

where r is the discount rate (10%) and n is the year.

The cash inflows and outflows need to be adjusted for GDP growth and inflation. The nominal GDP growth is 4% and inflation is 2%, so the real GDP growth is 4% - 2% = 2%.

The construction costs and decommissioning costs need to be increased by the real GDP growth rate each year. The operating surplus also needs to be increased by the real GDP growth rate each year.

After calculating the present value of each cash inflow and outflow, they are summed to get the NPV.

(ii) The principal uncertainties associated with this project include the accuracy of the construction cost estimates, the reliability of the operating surplus projections, the potential for cost overruns or delays during construction, the risk of operational issues or failures once the plant is operational, and the potential for changes in the economic environment, such as changes in GDP growth or inflation rates.

(iii) The sensitivity of the project's NPV to changes in the construction cost, the annual operating surplus, and the decommissioning cost can be analyzed by changing these variables one at a time and observing the effect on the NPV.

For example, if the construction costs increase by 10%, the NPV will decrease. If the annual operating surplus increases by 10%, the NPV will increase. If the decommissioning cost increases by 10%, the NPV will decrease. The percentage change in the NPV for each of these changes can be calculated by comparing the new NPV to the original NPV. The dollar change in the NPV can be calculated by subtracting the original NPV from the new NPV.

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