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Determine which of the following objects have constant velocity, or zero acceleration?A sizzling pizza sitting on a plateA basketball slowing down as it rolls in a straight lineA satellite orbiting the EarthA train travelling at a steady speed on a straight track

Question

Determine which of the following objects have constant velocity, or zero acceleration?A sizzling pizza sitting on a plateA basketball slowing down as it rolls in a straight lineA satellite orbiting the EarthA train travelling at a steady speed on a straight track

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Solution

To determine which of the objects have constant velocity or zero acceleration, we need to analyze each scenario:

  1. A sizzling pizza sitting on a plate:

    • The pizza is not moving; it is stationary.
    • Since it is not changing its position, its velocity is zero and constant.
    • Therefore, it has zero acceleration.

  2. A basketball slowing down as it rolls in a straight line:

    • The basketball is moving but its speed is decreasing.
    • Since its velocity is changing (decreasing speed), it has acceleration (specifically, negative acceleration or deceleration).
    • Therefore, it does not have constant velocity and has non-zero acceleration.

  3. A satellite orbiting the Earth:

    • The satellite is moving in a circular path around the Earth.
    • Even if its speed is constant, its direction is continuously changing.
    • Since velocity is a vector quantity (having both magnitude and direction), the changing direction means the velocity is not constant.
    • Therefore, it has acceleration (centripetal acceleration due to the change in direction).

  4. A train travelling at a steady speed on a straight track:

    • The train is moving at a constant speed in a straight line.
    • Since both the speed and direction are constant, its velocity is constant.
    • Therefore, it has zero acceleration.

In summary:

  • The sizzling pizza sitting on a plate has constant velocity (zero velocity) and zero acceleration.
  • The basketball slowing down has non-constant velocity and non-zero acceleration.
  • The satellite orbiting the Earth has non-constant velocity and non-zero acceleration.
  • The train travelling at a steady speed on a straight track has constant velocity and zero acceleration.

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