The Direct and Indirect Pathways Model helps to explain how our physical and emotional experiences impact our health. Smoking cigarettes and/or drinking alcohol to help us cope with stress is an example of behavior that has a(n) ___ pathway to impacting our health.Question 2Answera.Indirectb.Direct

The direct pathway between psychology and health describes how psychological elements may affect behavior, which may then affect health.Question 6Answera.Trueb.False

Fill in the blanks: According to the Ogden (2019) text, stress can cause illness through either a ___ pathway or a(n) ___ pathway. Question 1Answera.direct; indirect.b.financial; social.c.social; biologicald.social; environmental

According to the Dahlgren and Whitehead Model (1991), which of the following statements accurately describes upstream determinants of health?Question 3Answera.Social and cultural practices are not considered upstream determinants of health. b.Upstream determinants primarily focus on individual lifestyle choices. c.Upstream determinants are temporally and spatially distant from health effects. d.Upstream determinants set in motion causal pathways leading to health effects.

How does theory help to explain health behaviors?Group of answer choicesBy ignoring social and physical environmentsBy using a narrow approachBy suggesting processes for changing health behaviorsBy ignoring the influences that affect health behaviors

Which of the subsequent elements is generally excluded from the biopsychosocial model in health psychology?Question 5Answera.Biological factorsb.Psychological factorsc.Environmental factorsd.Economic factors