The new embankment to be built on top of the landfill is to range in height from a low of 3 mto as much as 7.5 m. In the area where the embankment height is the greatest, the predictionof settlement for the typical existing conditions ranges from 43 to 74 mm. Secondarysettlement is estimated at 200 mm. Standard penetration tests SPT values ranging from about5 to 25 with an average of 13. Improvement in SPT value of at least 30-40 will be desirable.Because of the possibility that there could be voids and loose pockets within the landfill,dynamic compaction is selected to reduce the anticipated differential settlement.Plan a dynamic compaction procedure for this site.

A highway embankment is going to be constructed over a landfill that had been closedapproximately 13 years ago. The thickness of the landfill typically ranges from 7.5 m to 8.2m but is found to be as deep as 9 m at one location. The landfill has been covered with 0.6 mof clay. The majority of the highly organic materials have already decomposed. The landfillis described as a mixture of soil that is primarily silts and clays with wood, glass, and brickfragments.

This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentionedin syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.Disposal of solid waste Sanitary landfill Garbage is spread out in thin layers, compacted and covered with clay/plasticfoam Bottom is covered with impermeable linings to prevent the percolation ofleachates. When the landfill is full, it is covered with clay, sand and gravels Monitoring wells are drilled near the landfill area Landfill gas (Methane) is produced. Composting It is done due to the shortage of landfill area Decomposed in oxygen-rich medium Nutrient rich manure is produced Incineration Burning of waste in very high temperature Initial cost is very high Dioxin, furan, lead, cadmium etc. can be released. So, battery or plastics should be removedbefore burning12/03/19This PPT should be used as reference only. Reading books (mentionedin syllabus) is mandatory for the preparation of the examinations.Noise Pollution Noise: Unpleasant/ unwanted sound Noise pollution: The noise propagates through the atmosphere thatleads to discomfort and health hazards is known as noise pollution. Noise measurement is expressed as Sound Pressure Level (SPL) SPL is a logarithmic ration of sound pressure to a referencepressure. International reference pressure is 2 X 10 -5 Pa. (average thresholdof hearing) Unit of SPL is decibel. Threshold of pain is 130 dB Types of noise: Continuous, Intermittent, Impact/Impulsive12/03/19

Evaluate the type of embankment failure indicated in the figure below.1 pointSlope failuresPiping failureOvertopping failureFoundation failure

sanitary landfilling process

Draw the diagram of a double liner system of landfill and explain the functions of various components.