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Some measurements of the initial rate of a certain reaction are given in the table below.N2 H2 initial rate of reaction0.483M 1.08M /0.585Ms0.483M 2.53M /3.21Ms1.29M 1.08M /1.56MsUse this information to write a rate law for this reaction, and calculate the value of the rate constant k.Round your value for the rate constant to 2 significant digits. Also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.

Question

Some measurements of the initial rate of a certain reaction are given in the table below.N2 H2 initial rate of reaction0.483M 1.08M /0.585Ms0.483M 2.53M /3.21Ms1.29M 1.08M /1.56MsUse this information to write a rate law for this reaction, and calculate the value of the rate constant k.Round your value for the rate constant to 2 significant digits. Also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.

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Solution

Para determinar la ley de velocidad y la constante de velocidad k k , primero necesitamos analizar cómo la velocidad inicial de la reacción depende de las concentraciones de N2 \text{N}_2 y H2 \text{H}_2 .

La ley de velocidad general para una reacción de la forma aA+bBproductos aA + bB \rightarrow \text{productos} es: velocidad=k[A]m[B]n \text{velocidad} = k [A]^m [B]^n

Donde:

  • k k es la constante de velocidad.
  • [A] [A] y [B] [B] son las concentraciones de los reactivos.
  • m m y n n son los órdenes de reacción con respecto a A A y B B , respectivamente.

Usaremos los datos proporcionados para determinar los valores de m m y n n .

Paso 1: Determinar el orden con respecto a H2 \text{H}_2

Comparando los experimentos 1 y 2:

  • En el experimento 1: [N2]=0.483M[ \text{N}_2 ] = 0.483 \, \text{M}, [H2]=1.08M[ \text{H}_2 ] = 1.08 \, \text{M}, velocidad = 0.585M/s 0.585 \, \text{M/s}
  • En el experimento 2: [N2]=0.483M[ \text{N}_2 ] = 0.483 \, \text{M}, [H2]=2.53M[ \text{H}_2 ] = 2.53 \, \text{M}, velocidad = 3.21M/s 3.21 \, \text{M/s}

La concentración de N2 \text{N}_2 es constante, por lo que podemos escribir: velocidad2velocidad1=([H2]2[H2]1)n \frac{\text{velocidad}_2}{\text{velocidad}_1} = \left( \frac{[\text{H}_2]_2}{[\text{H}_2]_1} \right)^n

Sustituyendo los valores: 3.210.585=(2.531.08)n \frac{3.21}{0.585} = \left( \frac{2.53}{1.08} \right)^n 5.487=(2.343)n 5.487 = (2.343)^n

Tomamos logaritmos en ambos lados: log(5.487)=nlog(2.343) \log(5.487) = n \log(2.343) n=log(5.487)log(2.343) n = \frac{\log(5.487)}{\log(2.343)} n2 n \approx 2

Paso 2: Determinar el orden con respecto a N2 \text{N}_2

Comparando los experimentos 1 y 3:

  • En el experimento 1: [N2]=0.483M[ \text{N}_2 ] = 0.483 \, \text{M}, [H2]=1.08M[ \text{H}_2 ] = 1.08 \, \text{M}, velocidad = 0.585M/s 0.585 \, \text{M/s}
  • En el experimento 3: [N2]=1.29M[ \text{N}_2 ] = 1.29 \, \text{M}, [H2]=1.08M[ \text{H}_2 ] = 1.08 \, \text{M}, velocidad = 1.56M/s 1.56 \, \text{M/s}

La concentración de H2 \text{H}_2 es constante, por lo que podemos escribir: velocidad3velocidad1=([N2]3[N2]1)m \frac{\text{velocidad}_3}{\text{velocidad}_1} = \left( \frac{[\text{N}_2]_3}{[\text{N}_2]_1} \right)^m

Sustituyendo los valores: 1.560.585=(1.290.483)m \frac{1.56}{0.585} = \left( \frac{1.29}{0.483} \right)^m 2.667=(2.671)m 2.667 = (2.671)^m

Tomamos logaritmos en ambos lados: log(2.667)=mlog(2.671) \log(2.667) = m \log(2.671) m=log(2.667)log(2.671) m = \frac{\log(2.667)}{\log(2.671)} m1 m \approx 1

Paso 3: Determinar la constante de velocidad k k

Ahora que tenemos los órdenes de reacción m=1 m = 1 y n=2 n = 2 , podemos escribir la ley de velocidad: velocidad=k[N2]1[H2]2 \text{velocidad} = k [\text{N}_2]^1 [\text{H}_2]^2

Usamos los datos del experimento 1 para calcular k k : 0.585=k(0.483)1(1.08)2 0.585 = k (0.483)^1 (1.08)^2 0.585=k(0.483)(1.1664) 0.585 = k (0.483) (1.1664) 0.585=k(0.563) 0.585 = k (0.563) k=0.5850.563 k = \frac{0.585}{0.563} k1.04M2s1 k \approx 1.04 \, \text{M}^{-2} \text{s}^{-1}

Resumen

La ley de velocidad es: velocidad=k[N2][H2]2 \text{velocidad} = k [\text{N}_2] [\text{H}_2]^2

La constante de velocidad k k es: k1.04M2s1 k \approx 1.04 \, \text{M}^{-2} \text{s}^{-1}

This problem has been solved

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