Select the correct statements. (Note that there may be more than one correct statement.)Group of answer choicesStatins decrease plasma LDL concentration because they inhibit an enzyme that is involved in hepatic cholesterol synthesis.Systemic vasoconstriction increases total peripheral resistance and therefore increases mean arterial pressure, too.Increased sympathetic activity results in an increased activation of α1 adrenoreceptors, which profoundly increases heart rate and therefore cardiac output.Hypertension damages endothelium and therefore accelerates the development of atherosclerotic plaques.
Question
Select the correct statements. (Note that there may be more than one correct statement.)Group of answer choicesStatins decrease plasma LDL concentration because they inhibit an enzyme that is involved in hepatic cholesterol synthesis.Systemic vasoconstriction increases total peripheral resistance and therefore increases mean arterial pressure, too.Increased sympathetic activity results in an increased activation of α1 adrenoreceptors, which profoundly increases heart rate and therefore cardiac output.Hypertension damages endothelium and therefore accelerates the development of atherosclerotic plaques.
Solution
The correct statements are:
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"Statins decrease plasma LDL concentration because they inhibit an enzyme that is involved in hepatic cholesterol synthesis." This is correct. Statins work by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a central role in the production of cholesterol in the liver. By inhibiting this enzyme, statins reduce the amount of cholesterol produced, which leads to a decrease in LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels in the blood.
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"Systemic vasoconstriction increases total peripheral resistance and therefore increases mean arterial pressure, too." This is also correct. When the blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction), the space through which blood can flow is reduced. This increases the resistance to blood flow (total peripheral resistance), which in turn increases the pressure in the arteries (mean arterial pressure).
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"Hypertension damages endothelium and therefore accelerates the development of atherosclerotic plaques." This is correct. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can damage the endothelium, the inner lining of the arteries. This damage can lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which are deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances that can narrow or block the arteries.
The statement "Increased sympathetic activity results in an increased activation of α1 adrenoreceptors, which profoundly increases heart rate and therefore cardiac output." is incorrect. While increased sympathetic activity does result in increased activation of α1 adrenoreceptors, this does not increase heart rate. Instead, it causes vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure. The β1 adrenoreceptors are responsible for increasing heart rate and cardiac output.
Similar Questions
Select the correct statements. (Note that there may be more than one correct statement.)Group of answer choicesIncreased sympathetic activity results in an increased activation of α1 adrenoreceptors, which profoundly increases heart rate and therefore cardiac output.Statins decrease plasma LDL concentration because they inhibit an enzyme that is involved in hepatic cholesterol synthesis.Hypertension damages endothelium and therefore accelerates the development of atherosclerotic plaques.Systemic vasoconstriction increases total peripheral resistance and therefore increases mean arterial pressure, too.
What is the effect of vasoconstriction?Multiple ChoiceViscosity increasesPeripheral resistance decreasesHeart rate decreasesBlood pressure increases
Select all that applyLycopene may reduce cardiovascular disease risk by _____.Multiple select question.increasing cellular LDL receptor activityincreasing liver cholesterol synthesisdecreasing LDL oxidationdecreasing HDL cholesterol levels
Increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the human bloodstream lower bloodstream-cholesterol levels by increasing the body's capacity to rid itself of excess cholesterol. Levels of HDL in the bloodstream of some individuals are significantly increased by a program of regular exercise and weight reduction. Which of the following can be correctly inferred from the statements above?Choose the best optionClear ResponseIndividuals who are underweight do not run any risk of developing high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstreamIndividuals who do not exercise regularly have a high risk of developing high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream late in lifeExercise and weight reduction are the most effective methods of lowering bloodstream cholesterol levels in humans.A program of regular exercise and weight reduction lowers cholesterol levels in the bloodstream of some individuals.
Which of these chemical substances, when released into the blood, would cause blood pressure to decrease?Multiple ChoiceAldosteroneAtrial natriuretic factorAngiotensinVasopressinEpinephrine
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