In a cladogram, what word describes an ancestral species and all of its descendants?Multiple choice question.SynapomorphyTaxonCladeOutgroup

What does a cladogram depict?Multiple choice question.A hypothesis of evolutionary relationshipsThe taxonomic hierarchy of a related group of organismsThe mechanisms that led to evolution of different character states

How is a cladogram constructed?Multiple choice question.By identifying disparate groups of organisms based on similar phenotypic traitsBy using shared derived characters to construct clades within cladesLike a flow chart, with evolutionary pathways leading to phenotypic traitsBy organizing species along a horizontal line representing the geological time at which they first evolved

In cladistics, a(n) Blank______ is a taxon that is closely related to, but not a member of, the group whose evolutionary relationships are being studied.Multiple choice question.outgroupphylogenycharacteringroup

Based on the information presented in this cladogram, what is an ancestral trait for salamanders, lizards, tigers, gorillas, and humans?Multiple choice question.BipedalismAmniotic membraneJawsTail loss

According to the principle of parsimony, among a series of proposed cladograms, which is the most likely?Multiple choice question.The one with the most primitive symplesiomorphyThe one with the fewest number of taxonomic groupsThe one with the largest number or character changesThe one with the fewest number of character changesThe one with the largest number of taxonomic groups