Why was W.E.B. DuBois often seen as the intellectual opposition to Booker T. Washington?A W.E.B. DuBois believed African Americans should violently resist oppressive laws while Booker T. Washington practiced nonviolent civil disobedience.B Booker T. Washington believed in the promotion of a talented tenth while W.E.B. DuBois believed all African Americans needed to work for equal rights immediately.C W.E.B. DuBois believed in the practice of nonviolent civil disobedience while Booker T. Washington believed African Americans should violently resist oppressive laws.D W.E.B. DuBois believed African Americans should actively seek civil rights while Booker T. Washington believed that African Americans should gradually be granted civil rights.

Do you think W.E.B. Du Bois was right to challenge Booker T. Washington's approach to civil rights for black Americans?

W.E.B. Du Bois's concept emerged as more effective than Booker T. Washington's plan because of its focus on intellectual and cultural growth, as well as its encouragement for the rejection of bias.

W.E.B. DuBois: A BiographyEllen Yu1William Edward Burghardt DuBois was an industrious civil rights activist, political leader, writer, and educator who led a vigorous fight against racism during the heart of the American struggle over civil rights. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. called DuBois a “tireless explorer and a gifted discoverer of social truth.”2Born in 1868 in Massachusetts, DuBois was raised in a largely white area. His father left his family while DuBois was still young. DuBois helped sustain his family by accepting jobs from white people. He attracted the approval of his white neighbors because of his drive to get a good education. While growing up, he rarely felt segregated because of his skin color. This was not a common story for a Black child, since most African Americans of his time were isolated from the white population.3DuBois became a student at Fisk University. After he graduated, DuBois went to the distinguished Harvard University to further his education. The school gave him the opportunity to study in Europe. He was able to travel across the continent and visit some of the top minds of his field. He was so steadfast in his studies that he became the first African American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard. After school, DuBois taught and worked for many political and civil causes. He then moved to Georgia to start the first sociology department at Atlanta University.4In Atlanta, DuBois became a pioneer for the civil rights of African Americans. He wrote several books and organized many events to demonstrate against the segregation between whites and Blacks. Unlike Booker T. Washington—another activist who championed racial equality—DuBois believed in higher education and culture for African Americans. In 1909, he helped organize the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, a group that encourages all races of people to support the civil rights of African Americans. DuBois worked as the publication director. For many years, he wrote a column for the main publication of the NAACP. His articles discussed the everyday struggles of African Americans and proposed nonviolent solutions to these problems.6Until he left the United States in 1961, DuBois continued to work toward a higher path for Black people. He ran for the Senate in 1950 on the American Labor Party ticket, but he lost the election. In his later life, DuBois was invited to Ghana, Africa, to work on the Encyclopedia Africana. DuBois and his wife seized the opportunity and moved to Ghana. DuBois passed away in 1963 while living in Ghana, just one day before Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I Have a Dream” speech.7Even though DuBois didn’t see the end of segregation, he will always be known for the work he did for African Americans. He wrote over twenty books and countless articles about slavery and racism. Books such as The Philadelphia Negro and Black Reconstruction confronted the conditions of housing, social instability, and other economic problems of Black people. He wrote poetry and literary criticism and was one of the first editors to publish the work of Harlem Renaissance writers. Because of his work in the state, he was inducted into the Georgia Writers Hall of Fame in 2000.QuestionIn paragraph 3, the word steadfast meansResponsesA comfortable.comfortable.B committed.committed.C efficient.efficient.D unaware.

Whick Black leader of the time, believed Black people should become highly educated, study the arts, and travel the world? aBooker T. Washington bW.E.B. Du Bois cMarcus Garvey dJames Weldon Johnson

The excerpt below is from "Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others" in The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. Du Bois:Mr. Washington distinctly asks that black people give up, at least for the present, three things,—First, political power,Second, insistence on civil rights,Third, higher education of Negro youth,—and concentrate all their energies on industrial education, and accumulation of wealth, and the conciliation of the South. This policy has been courageously and insistently advocated for over fifteen years, and has been triumphant for perhaps ten years. As a result of this tender of the palm-branch, what has been the return? In these years there have occurred:1. The disfranchisement of the Negro.2. The legal creation of a distinct status of civil inferiority for the Negro.3. The steady withdrawal of aid from institutions for the higher training of the Negro.These movements are not, to be sure, direct results of Mr. Washington's teachings; but his propaganda has, without a shadow of doubt, helped their speedier accomplishment. The question then comes: Is it possible, and probable, that nine millions of men can make effective progress in economic lines if they are deprived of political rights, made a servile caste, and allowed only the most meager chance for developing their exceptional men? If history and reason give any distinct answer to these questions, it is an emphatic NO.andThe excerpt below is from the General Introduction to Tuskegee and Its People by Booker T. Washington:Institutions, like individuals, are properly judged by their ideals, their methods, and their achievements in the production of men and women who are to do the world's work.One school is better than another in proportion as its system touches the more pressing needs of the people it aims to serve, and provides the more speedily and satisfactorily the elements that bring to them honorable and enduring success in the struggle of life. Education of some kind is the first essential of the young man, or young woman, who would lay the foundation of a career. The choice of the school to which one will go and the calling he will adopt must be influenced in a very large measure by his environments, trend of ambition, natural capacity, possible opportunities in the proposed calling, and the means at his command.In the past twenty-four years thousands of the youth of this and other lands have elected to come to the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute to secure what they deem the training that would offer them the widest range of usefulness in the activities open to the masses of the Negro people. Their hopes, fears, strength, weaknesses, struggles, and triumphs can not fail to be of absorbing interest to the great body of American people, more particularly to the student of educational theories and their attendant results.Based on these passages, what is the main difference between the teachings of W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington? Washington saw the benefits of education, and DuBois believed it conflicted with progress. Washington insisted on political and civil rights, and DuBois demanded economic progress. Washington promoted self-reliance and the gradual advancement of the black people, and DuBois supports radical change. Washington approached the problem from a capitalist point of view, and DuBois approached it from a spiritual one.