1.Question 1What does Kubernetes provide for containerized applications?1 pointA standardized packaging formatStorage, networking, and deployment toolsHosting of container registriesOrchestration features like scaling and availability2.Question 2How are nodes implemented in a Kubernetes cluster?1 pointAs virtual networksAs logical hostsAs physical or virtual machinesAs operating system processes3.Question 3What component of Kubernetes enables automatic scaling?1 pointThe API serverThe horizontal pod autoscalerThe etcd storeIngress controllers4.Question 4What does a pod represent in Kubernetes?1 pointA physical serverA group of containersA network interfaceAn operating system5.Question 5How do services provide loose coupling between pods in Kubernetes?1 pointWith remote procedure callsBy providing networking between podsUsing virtual private cloudsWith inter-process communication6.Question 6Where can a Kubernetes cluster run?1 pointOn virtual networksOn physical or virtual machinesAs operating system processesInside application containers7.Question 7How do containers differ from virtual machines?1 pointContainers provide a guest operating systemContainers are faster and more lightweightContainers offer better portabilityContainers require less host resources8.Question 8What is Docker Desktop typically used for?1 pointHosting containers in the cloudConnecting containers across networksOrchestrating containers in productionLocal container development and testing9.Question 9Where are Docker images stored?1 pointIn external file systemsInside running containersWithin Docker DesktopIn container registries10.Question 10Why use AWS spot instances?1 pointTo bid on unused capacity for cost savingsFor persistent workloads requiring availabilityTo provision virtual machines fasterFor automatic scaling of capacity

1.Question 1How do you create a ReplicaSet from scratch?1 pointApply a YAML file with the ‘kind’ attribute set to ‘ReplicaSet’.Use the ‘get pods’ command.Use the ‘scale’ command to scale the deployment.Apply a JSON file that includes the number of desired replicas.2.Question 2What Kubernetes object adds or deletes pods for scaling and redundancy?1 pointA Config MapA ReplicaSetA DaemonSetA Secret3.Question 3Which Kubernetes autoscaler type scales the Cluster?1 pointHorizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)Cluster Autoscaler (CA)You cannot autoscale a Kubernetes Cluster.Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA)4.Question 4How do you prepare your application to enable rolling updates?1 pointSet the maxSurge to 100%.Use autoscaling.Set the maxSurge to 50%.Add liveness and readiness probes to deployments.5.Question 5Which rolling update types ensure 100% app availability?1 pointBoth all-at-once and one-at-a-time updates and rollbacks ensure 100% app availability.All-at-once updates and rollbacks ensure 100% app availability.No rolling update types can ensure 100% app availability.One-at-a-time updates and rollbacks ensure 100% app availability.6.Question 6What does a ConfigMap do?1 pointProvides variables for your applicationVerifies that a Secret was createdMounts a file using the volumes plugin Provides sensitive information to your application7.Question 7What are three ways to create a ConfigMap? 1 pointBy using string literalsBy using an existing property or ‘key’ = ‘value’ fileBy adding another environment to the deployment descriptorBy providing a ConfigMap YAML descriptor file8.Question 8What are three ways to create a Secret?1 pointBy providing a ConfigMap YAML descriptor fileBy using a string literal By using volume mountsBy using environment variables 9.Question 9What does Service binding do? 1 pointManages configuration and credentials for back-end Services while protecting sensitive dataMakes Service credentials hidden.Calls the service without using binding credentials.Provides variables for your application10.Question 10What are the three required steps to bind the IBM Cloud Service to your Cluster? 1 pointErase the credential configuration file after credential setup.Provision an instance of the Service.Configure your app to access the credentials.Bind the Service to your Cluster to create credentials.

1.Question 1In what three environments can container orchestration be implemented?1 pointPrivate cloud environmentsPublic cloud environmentsOn-premises environments A single device 2.Question 2What is the most popular container orchestration tool used as of 2022?1 pointMarathonKubernetes NomadDocker Swarm3.Question 3What does a control plane do?1 pointAssigns newly created Pods to nodesShares all the resources of a nodeContains PodsMaintains the intended Cluster state by making decisions about the Cluster and detecting and responding to events in the Cluster 4.Question 4What component of a worker node ensures containers are running as desired?1 pointContainer runtimeThe kubeletEtcdThe Kubernetes proxy5.Question 5What are three Kubernetes capabilities?1 pointStorage orchestrationAutomated rolloutsSecret and configuration managementCI/CD pipelines6.Question 6What is automated bin packing?1 pointA Kubernetes capability that applies automatic changesA Kubernetes capability that performs container auto-placement based on resource requirements and conditions without sacrificing high availability A Kubernetes capability that scales workloads based on metrics or commandsA Kubernetes capability that mounts a chosen storage system7.Question 7What is a label?1 pointA mechanism for isolating groups of resources within a single ClusterA key-value pair attached to an objectThe simplest unit in KubernetesA set of identical running Pod replicas that are horizontally scaled8.Question 8What Kubernetes object should be used for stateless applications?1 pointDeploymentStatefulSetDaemonSetReplicaSet9.Question 9What is Kubectl?1 pointOpenShift command line interface (oc) Kubernetes command line interface (CLI) Docker command line interface Cloud command line interface 10.Question 10What is the function of an External Name Service?1 pointProvides inter-service communication within the ClusterDirects traffic to the NodePort ServiceCreates and routes the incoming requests automatically to the ClusterIP ServiceMaps to a DNS name

Explain architecture and working of Kubernetes

What is a Kubernetes Ingress?A group of related Pods and their configurationsAn API object that manages external access to services in a clusterA mechanism for scaling applications horizontallyA storage volume for persisting data

What is the primary function of Kubernetes?Container orchestration and managementInfrastructure as codeContinuous integration and continuous deploymentSource code version control