Which proposition expresses Emilé Durkheim’s theory about changes in punishment?Group of answer choicesAs society moves from mechanical to organic solidarity, there is a shift from retributive to restitutive punishment.As society moves from mechanical to organic solidarity, there is a shift in punishment from restitutive to retributive.As society moves from mechanical to organic solidarity, the moral order grows to match the emerging complexity of the social system and punishment changes accordingly.None of the above. Durkheim was the theorist who refuted the theory that patterns of punishment are related to changes in moral order.

Which of the following is central to Georg Rusche and Otto Kirchheimer's explanation of changes in punishment, presented in Punishment and Social Structure?Group of answer choicesThe emergence of anomie and alienation in Europe.The emergence of compassionate values in Western societies.The need to coercively manage the labor supply.The shift from mechanical to organic solidary with growing division of labor.

Classical theory is most closely associated with which important justification for punishment?Question 2Answera.Retributionb.Incapacitationc.Rehabilitationd.Deterrence

______ is a theory advanced by criminologists that harsh penalties will prevent people from committing crimes.Group of answer choicesCriminalist theoryJudicial activist theoryDeterrence theoryPunitive theory

Of the four justifications for punishment, __________ is the oldest and perceives punishment as society’s revenge for a moral wrong.A.deterrenceB.retributionC.societal protectionD.rehabilitation

Which theory of punishment hinges on the principle that a criminal will fear the pain of punishment more than desire the pleasure of committing the crime? A. deterrence B. rehabilitation C. retribution D. societal protection