Why do we need a new flu vaccine every year?Group of answer choicesThis is a myth, we only need to get the flu shot once in our lifetime.Getting the flu shot every year will prevent the disease from becoming endemic in the U.S.The virus changes rapidly so that the antibodies we grow for one variation will no longer be effective at killing the new variant of the virus.Only vulnerable populations (e.g., the elderly, immunocompromised individuals) need the flu shot every year

Why are you supposed to get a new flu shot every year?ANSWERThe flu vaccine confers lifelong immunity.The vaccine composition is not altered from year to year.The RNA genome of influenza mutates frequently, causing minor changes. This is referred to as antigenic drift.Influenza viruses may undergo a major genetic reassortment that dramatically changes HA and NA spikes, called antigenic shift.

What is the main reason for that every year another subtype of vaccine is recommended against seasonal flu?Because people travel a lot around the world.Because the main flu virus’s chemical composition is changing typically every year.Because we can only guess at the actual chemical composition of the main flu virus type.Because it increases the profit of pharmaceutical companies.None of the other answers is correct.

Explain why a new vaccine is made for Influenza each year?

If we have effective medications for a certain disease, vaccines will not be necessary.Group of answer choicesTrueFalse

Why do people not vaccinate?By Hal WillabyPublished in The Conversation March 27th 2014The National Health Performance Authority’s report on childhood vaccination coverage released this morning shows immunisation rates have slightly increased in 2011–2012. But there are still some areas where coverage is below the national target.The good news is that Australia has one of the highest vaccination rates in the world with over 90% of children fully immunised by age five. But there are areas where only 80% of five-year-olds are protected against preventable contagious disease.So why are some children not immunised? There are two broad influences on timely uptake of routine childhood vaccines – access and acceptance.Access is partly a structural problem, linked to barriers such as a lack of transport, limited clinic opening times, homeboundedness and, beyond that, to poverty and social exclusion. Generally speaking, we can address access problems by minimising these barriers.The other factor impacting vaccine uptake is acceptance. This is the psychological orientation to vaccines influencing uptake; it’s about attitudes, beliefs and concerns regarding vaccines, parenting, medicine generally, and a host of related matters. An individual’s vaccine acceptance is the result of a certain composition of these, like a metaphorical DNA.The public tends to hear a lot more about acceptance factors than they do about access. It’s an easy formula for mass media to pit vaccination opponents against proponents, and parade examples of non-vaccinating parents. It excites emotion, leading to high click rates in online articles and crowded comments pages.Nevertheless, the attention given to such parents is out of proportion to their actual numbers, and the likelihood of changing their minds. Vaccine refusers are a very small proportion in Australia – about 2% of parents make a values-based choice to forego all vaccines for their children.A more interesting group is the 12% of parents who are at least somewhat supportive of vaccination, but fear both vaccination and non-vaccination could have negative outcomes for their child. About half of that 12% vaccinate fully, and the other half may delay or avoid certain vaccines but will have others.Any action taken at the community level starts with acknowledging that parents want the best for their children regardless of their access to and acceptance of vaccines. When otherwise well-intentioned messages criticise what these parents view as healthy skepticism, the result can be a further distancing from timely uptake.Based on the information in the article, suggest three broad strategies for increasing vaccination rates amongst Australian children.