Identify the components that sum up to the form the hydraulic grade line. ( Check all the apply.)Group of answer choicesPressure headTotal headElevation headVelocity head

Referring to the figure shown, identify the true statements about the characteristics of the hydraulic grade line (HGL) and energy grade line (EGL) from the following. (Check all that apply.)Group of answer choicesThe gage pressure of a fluid is zero at locations where the HGL intersects the fluid.At a pipe exit, the pressure head is zero (atmospheric pressure), and thus the HGL coincides with the pipe outlet.The EGL is always a distance V^2/2g above the HGL.For stationary bodies such as reservoirs or lakes, the EGL and HGL coincide with the free surface liquid.The mechanical energy loss due to frictional effects causes the EGL and HGL to slope upward in the direction of flow.For open-channel flow, the EGL and HGL coincide with the free surface of the liquid.In an idealised Bernoulli-type flow, EGL is horizontal and its height remains constant.A steep increase occurs in EGL and HGL whenever mechanical energy is removed from the fluid.

The _____ is the height of a fluid column that produces the static pressure.Group of answer choiceselevation head, zhead loss, hLpressure head, P/ρgvelocity head, V^2/2

Water flows at a rate of 0.035 m3/s in a horizontal pipe whose diameter is reduced from 15 cm to 8 cm by a reducer. If the pressure at the centerline is measured to be 480 kPa and 445 kPa before and after the reducer, respectively, determine the head loss in the reducer. Express your answer in m.

Capillaries are ____. (Check that all apply.)Group of answer choicesConfined flow channelslarge flow channelsbroad tubesnarrow tubes

The _____ is the elevation needed for a fluid to reach the velocity during frictionless free fall.Group of answer choicespressure head, P/ρgresistance head, hLelevation head, zvelocity head, V^2/2