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Analyze the logical forms of the following statements:(a) 3 is a common divisor of 6, 9, and 15. (Note: You did this in exercise2 of Section 1.1, but you should be able to give a better answer now.)(b) x is divisible by both 2 and 3 but not 4.(c) x and y are natural numbers, and exactly one of them is prime.

Question

Analyze the logical forms of the following statements:(a) 3 is a common divisor of 6, 9, and 15. (Note: You did this in exercise2 of Section 1.1, but you should be able to give a better answer now.)(b) x is divisible by both 2 and 3 but not 4.(c) x and y are natural numbers, and exactly one of them is prime.

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Solution

(a) The logical form of the statement "3 is a common divisor of 6, 9, and 15" can be broken down as follows:

  • 3 divides 6
  • 3 divides 9
  • 3 divides 15

Each of these can be represented as a logical proposition, and the overall statement is true if and only if all of these propositions are true.

(b) The logical form of the statement "x is divisible by both 2 and 3 but not 4" can be broken down as follows:

  • x is divisible by 2
  • x is divisible by 3
  • x is not divisible by 4

Again, each of these can be represented as a logical proposition, and the overall statement is true if and only if all of these propositions are true.

(c) The logical form of the statement "x and y are natural numbers, and exactly one of them is prime" can be broken down as follows:

  • x is a natural number
  • y is a natural number
  • Either x is prime and y is not, or y is prime and x is not

Each of these can be represented as a logical proposition, and the overall statement is true if and only if all of these propositions are true.

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