What is the meaning of Secularism?
Question
What is the meaning of Secularism?
Solution
Secularism is a principle that involves two basic propositions. The first is the strict separation of the state from religious institutions. The second is that people of different religions and beliefs are equal before the law. It's the idea that government or other entities should exist separately from religion and/or religious beliefs. In one sense, secularism may assert the right to be free from religious rule and teachings, and the right to freedom from governmental imposition of religion upon the people within a state that is neutral on matters of belief.
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The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.In many cases, secularism becomes conflated with secularization, a waning in religiosity that is a result of modernization. Such secularisms then become viewed as derivative of a Western genealogy that locates secularism’s origins in the Catholic/ Protestant split (thereby neglecting Orthodox Christianity) and “closely connected with the rise of a system of capitalist nation-states” as well as modernity. This tendency in secularism studies explains, in part, the scholarly neglect of the particular histories and experiences of secularism in socialist states, including those of Southeastern Europe.1) Secularism is often mistaken for the waning of secularization and is thus viewed through a Western lens, neglecting the unique secular histories of socialist states, especially in Southeastern Europe.2) The merging of secularism with the decrease in religiosity leads to its association with Western history and modernization, overlooking the experiences of secularism in socialist countries.3) The study of secularism dominates socialist states, as it is typically viewed as a Western concept rooted in the Catholic/Protestant split and linked to capitalism and modernity.4) Secularism, commonly confused with secularisation, is often interpreted through a Western framework, thus ignoring the unique histories of Southeastern European states.
Which of the following cases defined secularism?a.Waman Rao v Union of Indiab.Unni Krishnan v State of Andhra Pradeshc.SR Bommai v Union of Indiad.IR Coelho v State of Tamil Nadu
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