___ communication may be defined as information that flows from subordinates to superiorsa.Downward communicationb.Upward communicationc.Horizontal communicationd.Cross communication

To answer the question, we need to understand the different types of communication mentioned in the options.

a. Downward communication: This refers to the flow of information from superiors to subordinates. It involves giving instructions, providing feedback, and sharing organizational goals and objectives.

b. Upward communication: This type of communication involves the flow of information from subordinates to superiors. It includes sharing progress reports, suggestions, and concerns.

c. Horizontal communication: This refers to the exchange of information between individuals or departments at the same hierarchical level. It facilitates coordination, collaboration, and problem-solving within the organization.

d. Cross communication: This term is not commonly used in the context of communication types. It may refer to communication that occurs across different levels or departments within an organization.

Based on the definitions provided, the correct answer to the question is a. Downward communication, as it specifically mentions information flowing from subordinates to superiors.