the teacher of my university teach us Agricultural heritage . He give us an assignment . he give us two question 1. Explain in short about sustainable agriculture. and 2. Simplify the term 'Black Soil’ and its importance. each questions are 2.5 marks . now you give me the suitable answer

state two main differences between red soil and alluvial soil black soil and laterite soil

Sustainable agriculture means:*1 pointTo be able to export and import under WTO normsTo utilise Wasteland for agricultural purposesSelf-sufficiencyto utilise land so that its quality remains intact

what is the importance of soil

Where is black soil mostly found?Select an answerAKarnataka & KeralaBplateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, MalwaCRajasthan and GujratDAssam

Slide 1: Title of the Presentation, names of the members and leaderPresentation Title: “Soil Pollution”Slide 2: Learning ObjectivesUnderstand the definition and importance of soil.Define soil pollution and understand its causes.Identify the major sources of soil pollution.Recognize the common chemicals involved in causing soil pollution.Understand the different types of soil pollution: Agricultural, Industrial, and Urbanization Soil Pollution.Learn about the effects of agricultural, industrial, and urbanization soil pollution.Understand the major effect of soil pollution: Salinization.Learn about the methods to control soil pollution.Slide 3: Definition of Soil What is soil? Soil is defined as the top layer of the earth's crust. It contains inorganic matter, organic matter, water, air and many living organisms. Soil provides support and nutrients for plant growth. The healthy soil has a valuable asset. It has been receiving more and more toxic substance.Slide 4: Definition of Soil PollutionWhat is soil pollution?It is defined as the build-up in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents,It occurs due to rapid growth in industrial development, intensive agriculture and other anthropogenic activities. Soil pollution may change physical, chemical and biological nature of soil and make it unfit for plant growth, animals and human use. These pollutants decrease soil quality, disturb the soil's natural balance.Slide 5: The major sources of soil pollution are: Pollutants like acids washed off from the atmosphere (acid rain). Pesticides and herbicides sprayed in fields. Excessive use of artificial fertilizers. Solid wastes like garbage, trash, ash, building material, plastic, bottles and cans. Storage and disposal radioactive waste from the power plant.Seepage from a landfill. Discharge of industrial waste into the soil.Percolation of contaminated water into the soil. Rupture of underground storage tanks. Deforestation and soil erosion.Slide 6:The most common chemicals involved in causing soil pollution are:Petroleum hydrocarbonsHeavy metals Pesticides SolventsSlide 7:Types of Soil PollutionAgricultural Soil Pollution. Industrial Soil Pollution. Urbanization Soil Pollution.Slide 8:Agricultural Soil Pollution Plants on which we depend for food.Under attack from insects, fungi, bacteria, viruses, rodents and other animals.To kill unwanted populations living in or on their crops, farmers use pesticides and herbicides. Pesticides and herbicides are applied to agricultural land to control pests that disrupt crop production. Soil contamination can occur when pesticides persist and accumulate in soils.Slide 9: Agricultural effectsReduced soil fertility. Reduced nitrogen fixation. Larger loss of soil and nutrients.Deposition of silt in tanks and reservoirs.Reduced crop yield.Excess use of FertilizerUse of PesticideSlide 10:Industrial Soil PollutionLarge quantity of solid wastes like unused and rejected chemicals (like sludge, press mud, saw dust, bottles, plastic materials etc.), unwanted industrial wastes generated during manufacturing processes are dumped over on the surface of soil. Normally, These materials have been dumped around the factory site or around the entire city.Slide 11:Industrial effects:Dangerous chemicals entering underground water. Ecological imbalance. Release of pollutant gases. Increased salinity. Reduced vegetation.Slide 12:Urbanization Soil PollutionUrban activities generate large quantities of city wastes including several non-biodegradable materials (such as plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic wastes, glass bottles, glass pieces, stone / cement pieces). If it uncollected, they cause soil pollution. The emission of toxic and foul gases from landfills pollutes the environment and causes serious effects on health of some people. The unpleasant smell causes inconvenience to other people.Slide 13:Urbanization effects: Pollution of drinking water sources Public health problems Clogging of drains Waste management problems Inundation of areas Foul smell and release of gases Spread out diseases by pathogenic organisms.Slide:14The major effect of soil pollutionSalinization: is increase the soil content of soil.Salinization occurs due to Acid rain, Agricultural operation, and industrial activities.Due to salinization the soil becomes unsuitable for plant growth and human use.Ground water in saline soil have more salts than normal soil and make the water unsuitable for plant growth, for animals and for human use.Slide 15:Methods to control Soil PollutionReducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.Recycling Recycling paper, plastics and other materials reduces the volume of refuse in landfills. Reusing of materials such as plastic bottles, glass, etc Re-forestation, Planting trees or re-forestation helps prevent soil erosion and pollution.Slide 16:Methods to control Soil PollutionUse traditional method to reduce growing of pests and weeds.Designated pits should be used for the dumping of soil wastes. These wastes should be treated chemically and biologically to make them less toxic and hazardous.Minimizing emissions from motor vehicles and industries (to control acid rain).Slide 17: Thank Yousummarize table of contents into 6