Green finance policies can create a polarization effect where they enhance green technology innovation (GTI) in environmentally friendly enterprises but hinder GTI in polluting enterprises. This disparity necessitates balanced policy measures that support both green and polluting enterprises through subsidies and targeted interventions (Zhang & Dong, 2023).

The literature on the economic returns of sustainable production choices is already very rich. However, it still does not lead to any conclusive evidence pertaining to its economic consequences.One of the first contributions arguing in favour of the potential positive effects of environmental innovation (EI) comes from the seminal paper by Porter and van der Linde (1995), which postulates that environmental regulation is not necessarily detrimental to firms' performance. When environmental policies are well designed, regulation-induced innovation may generate positive effects in the long run, leading to ‘win–win’ solutions that counterweigh the costs of compliance. Jaffe and Palmer (1997) articulate the hypothesis in its narrow, weak and strong characterizations, and it is only under the latter that efficiency gains achieved by an ‘induced innovation’ can completely offset the loss of competitiveness that has been caused by compliance (to policy) costs. A broad strand of empirical literature has focused on assessing the competitiveness effects of environmental regulation, or, in other terms, the strong version of the Porter hypothesis, which indirectly or directly passes through innovation, or more precisely, EI adoption, and this is where the current work is positioned. Likewise, the natural-resource-based view of the firm hypothesizes that firms' profitability and competitiveness can be positively affected by EI through the competitive advantages that are created once accounting for the natural environment surrounding the firm.Overall, the existing literature agrees that the question ‘does it pay to be green?’ needs to be better qualified in terms of any sustainable production choice that is considered. Leaving environmental policy behind the scenes of the empirical analysis, and given the focus on a single country (Italy), the current work focuses on innovation activities directed towards circular economy practices to understand whether short-term economic gains (or losses) exist associated with those activities.More precisely, we answer the question of which type of green practice has to be adopted to generate positive economic returns among EIs for a circular economy (CE-related EI). We contribute to a very recent and still developing literature, needing confirmation and empirical evidence, on the potential benefit of the circular economy for firms (Dey et al., 2020; Khan et al., 2021). We aim to fill the gap in the research area on the relation between CE-related EI and economic performance, and contextually, we shed further light on the more general relation between EI and firms' economic performance. To do that, we rely on a unique dataset for a sample of approximately 3000 Italian manufacturing firms.The organization of the paper is as follows. The next section discusses the general conceptual modes through which EIs and CE influence firms' economic performance, developing the research questions. Section 3 illustrates the empirical strategy and discusses the results.

How does the integration of Green Business Analytics (GBA) impact the effectiveness of Solutions to Scope 1 Emissions (SS1E), Solutions to Scope 2 Emissions (SS2E), and Solutions to

________is anything owned by an individual, business, family, or community that has social, environmental, and/or economic value.Select one:a.Green Computingb.Green Assetsc.Green Policyd.Green IT

What is the most powerful element in establishing a Green HRM policy of an organization? a. Advanced Technology b. High Capital c. Located in a greener environment d. Employee Attitudes

3.1.2 | Eco-innovationAs a critical enabler of Industry 5.0, eco-innovation (EOI) entails newapproaches that promote sustainable development goals (Aslamet al., 2020). Environmental innovation and social innovation are thetwo constituents of EOI. Environmental innovation refers toimplementing novel solutions and changes that allow business prod-ucts, processes, and services contribute to a more environmentallysustainable economy (Ghobakhloo, Iranmanesh, et al., 2021). Socialinnovation entails improving society's well-being, welfare, and socialneeds by introducing and implementing innovative solutions that pro-pel the necessary changes in the products, processes, businessmodels, and collaborations (Terstriep et al., 2020). The enabling roleof EOI involves allowing Industry 5.0 stakeholders to strike a balancebetween economic productivity and socio-environmental sustainabil-ity (Nahavandi, 2019). EOI can serve the economic resilience objectiveof Industry 5.0 by allowing businesses to identify novel growth oppor-tunities, improve brand image, reduce operational costs, and proac-tively respond to market dynamics (Breque et al., 2021). EOI furtherallows value networks to reduce the impact of production andconsumption modes on the environment and promote the circulareconomy (ElFar et al., 2021). Alternatively, the enabling role of EOIfor social values of Industry 5.0 involves smartification of the workenvironment, improving customer satisfaction, and creating businessmodes that promote value chain inclusivity (Nahavandi, 2019;Sindhwani et al., 2022)