Which of the following best explains why, at a constant voltage, warmer solutions are ejected more quickly than cooler ones? A.Liquids have a smaller volume at higher temperatures.B.The surface tension is lower for solutions at higher temperatures.C.The electrical forces grow smaller as temperature increases.D.The electrical forces grow larger as temperature increases.Periodic TablePreviousNavigationNext
Question
Which of the following best explains why, at a constant voltage, warmer solutions are ejected more quickly than cooler ones? A.Liquids have a smaller volume at higher temperatures.B.The surface tension is lower for solutions at higher temperatures.C.The electrical forces grow smaller as temperature increases.D.The electrical forces grow larger as temperature increases.Periodic TablePreviousNavigationNext
Solution
The best explanation for why warmer solutions are ejected more quickly than cooler ones at a constant voltage is B. The surface tension is lower for solutions at higher temperatures.
Here's why:
Surface tension is the force that causes a liquid to behave somewhat like a stretched elastic sheet. It is the result of cohesive forces between adjacent molecules. The molecules at the surface do not have other like molecules on all sides of them and consequently they cohere more strongly to those directly associated with them on the surface. This forms a film on the surface that makes it more difficult for substances to move through the liquid, be it a solute being dissolved or a probe being inserted.
As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules also increases. This means they are moving faster and interacting with each other more vigorously. This increased movement disrupts the cohesive forces between the molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension.
So, when a solution is warmer, its lower surface tension allows it to be ejected more quickly than a cooler solution, given the same voltage.
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