13Briefly describe TWO treatment modalities for cancers.

Chemotherapy: This is a widely used treatment modality for cancer. It involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. The drugs can be administered orally or intravenously. The drugs work by targeting rapidly dividing cells, a characteristic of cancer cells. However, they can also affect healthy cells that divide rapidly, leading to side effects.

Radiation Therapy: This treatment modality uses high-energy particles or waves, such as X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, or protons, to destroy or damage cancer cells. The radiation can be delivered externally, by a machine that directs the high-energy particles or waves at specific points on the body, or internally, through radioactive substances that are placed inside the body near the cancer cells. This treatment can also cause side effects, as it can also damage healthy cells near the cancer cells.